What Is the Largest Dog Breed? 12 Giant Breeds Ranked by
What is the largest dog breed? We rank 12 giant breeds by height, weight, and lifespan with cost data, health risks, and a decision framework for your home.
When people ask "what is the largest dog breed," the answer depends on whether you measure by height at the shoulder or by total body mass. The tallest breed recognized by major kennel clubs is the Irish Wolfhound, while the heaviest is typically the English Mastiff. Below, we rank 12 giant breeds using a transparent methodology so you can see exactly how they compare and which one might actually fit your household.
How We Ranked the Largest Dog Breeds
Selection Criteria for This List
To qualify for this ranking, a breed must meet all three of the following thresholds:
- Minimum adult male weight: 100 lb (45 kg) or more at the upper end of the AKC/FCI breed standard
- Minimum adult male height: 27 inches (69 cm) at the withers (shoulder)
- Recognized breed: Fully recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) or Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) — no experimental crosses
Ranking methodology: Breeds are scored on a composite of maximum standard weight (50%), maximum standard height (30%), and overall mass impression (20% — bone density, chest width, body length). We then group them into three tiers: Elite Giants, Heavyweight Contenders, and Tall & Lean Giants.
Data sources: AKC breed standards, FCI nomenclature, and breed club health surveys.
Tier 1: Elite Giants — The Heaviest Dogs on Earth
1. English Mastiff
Size class: Super-giant • Key trait: Heaviest breed by maximum recorded weight
The English Mastiff holds the Guinness record for heaviest dog ever — Zorba weighed 343 lb (156 kg). Modern males typically range 160–230 lb (73–104 kg), with some exceeding 250 lb. They stand 30+ inches at the shoulder. Despite their imposing bulk, Mastiffs are famously calm indoors and are often described as "gentle giants" who prefer lounging to running. They drool heavily and require regular wrinkle cleaning to prevent skin-fold dermatitis.
Why it made the list: No other breed matches the Mastiff's sheer mass. If "largest" means heaviest, this is your answer.
2. Boerboel
Size class: Super-giant • Key trait: Dense muscular build with exceptional bone structure
Originating in South Africa as a farm guardian, the Boerboel is a powerhouse. Males reach 150–200 lb (68–91 kg) and 24–27 inches (61–69 cm), but their broad chests and heavy bone make them appear even larger. They are confident, territorial, and require experienced owners who can provide firm, positive-reinforcement-based training from puppyhood. Boerboels are not recommended for first-time dog owners.
Why it made the list: Pound-for-pound one of the most muscular breeds in existence, combining Mastiff-type bulk with athletic agility.
3. Saint Bernard
Size class: Super-giant • Key trait: Alpine rescue heritage with massive frame and thick coat
Saint Bernards were bred by monks in the Swiss Alps to locate and guide lost travelers through snow. Males stand 28–30 inches (71–76 cm) and weigh 140–180 lb (64–82 kg). They come in short-haired and long-haired varieties. Known for their gentle temperament with children, they are among the most family-friendly giant breeds. Expect significant shedding and drooling.
Why it made the list: Combines extreme height with heavy weight, plus a legendary history that makes them one of the most recognizable giant breeds worldwide.
4. Great Dane
Size class: Super-giant • Key trait: Tallest breed commonly seen in households
Great Danes regularly exceed 32 inches (81 cm) at the shoulder, with some males reaching 34+ inches. Weight ranges from 140–175 lb (64–79 kg) for males. Despite their towering height, Danes are leaner than Mastiffs, giving them a more athletic silhouette. They are affectionate, often clumsy, and famously think they are lap dogs. The current tallest living dog title is frequently held by a Great Dane.
Why it made the list: If "largest" means tallest, the Great Dane wins. They combine height with moderate-heavy weight for an overall massive impression.
Tier 2: Heavyweight Contenders — Big Dogs With Serious Presence
5. Neapolitan Mastiff
Size class: Giant • Key trait: Extreme loose skin and heavy bone create outsized visual impact
The Neapolitan Mastiff is a Roman-era guardian breed weighing 150 lb (68 kg) or more, standing 26–31 inches (66–79 cm). Their signature loose, wrinkled skin and massive head make them look even larger than their weight suggests. They are deeply loyal but reserved with strangers and require early, extensive socialization. Health concerns include cherry eye, hip dysplasia, and skin infections in folds.
Why it made the list: Their visual presence is unmatched — few breeds command a room the way a Neo does simply by existing in it.
6. Leonberger
Size class: Giant • Key trait: Lion-like mane and balanced giant proportions
Bred in 19th-century Germany to resemble a lion, the Leonberger stands 28–31.5 inches (71–80 cm) and weighs 120–170 lb (54–77 kg). They have a waterproof double coat and webbed feet, making them excellent swimmers. Leonbergers are notably good with children and other pets when properly socialized. They require 60–90 minutes of daily exercise and thrive with a job, even if that job is carrying a backpack on hikes.
Why it made the list: One of the tallest breeds that also carries substantial weight, with a temperament that makes them viable family companions.
7. Newfoundland
Size class: Giant • Key trait: Water-rescue heritage with enormous lung capacity and strength
Newfoundlands weigh 130–150 lb (59–68 kg) and stand 28 inches (71 cm) tall. Their thick, water-resistant double coat and webbed feet made them indispensable to Canadian fishermen. They are legendary for their instinct to rescue people from water — even untrained Newfs will attempt to "save" wading children. They shed heavily and require weekly brushing, with professional grooming every 6–8 weeks during blowout seasons.
Why it made the list: Combines significant mass with a unique working heritage and one of the most reliably gentle temperaments among giant breeds.
8. Tibetan Mastiff
Size class: Giant • Key trait: Enormous lion-like mane and independent guardian temperament
Tibetan Mastiffs weigh 90–150 lb (41–68 kg) and stand 26+ inches (66+ cm). Males develop a spectacular mane that adds considerable visual bulk. Originally bred to guard Himalayan monasteries and nomadic camps, they are nocturnal barkers, fiercely independent, and bond intensely with their family while remaining aloof with strangers. They are not a breed for novice owners and require secure, tall fencing (minimum 6 feet).
Why it made the list: Their combination of mass, heavy coat, and commanding presence makes them one of the most visually imposing breeds alive.
Tier 3: Tall & Lean Giants — Height Over Bulk
9. Irish Wolfhound
Size class: Giant (tall) • Key trait: Tallest breed recognized by the AKC
The Irish Wolfhound stands a minimum of 32 inches (81 cm) for males, with many reaching 34–35 inches (86–89 cm). Weight ranges 120–155 lb (54–70 kg). Originally bred to hunt wolves and elk in medieval Ireland, they are sprint-capable but generally calm indoors. Their wiry coat requires hand-stripping or regular brushing. Unfortunately, they have one of the shortest lifespans of any breed: 6–8 years, with cardiomyopathy and osteosarcoma as leading causes of death.
Why it made the list: By pure height measurement, the Irish Wolfhound is the tallest recognized breed. If someone asks "what is the largest dog breed" and means tallest, this is the definitive answer.
10. Scottish Deerhound
Size class: Giant (tall) • Key trait: Second-tallest sighthound with aristocratic bearing
Scottish Deerhounds stand 30–32 inches (76–81 cm) and weigh 85–110 lb (39–50 kg). They are lighter than Wolfhounds but still impressively tall. Bred to hunt red deer in the Scottish Highlands, they are quiet, dignified, and surprisingly gentle. They need access to a securely fenced area for sprint exercise but are couch potatoes indoors.
Why it made the list: The second-tallest breed on earth, offering a slightly more manageable weight while still delivering dramatic height.
11. Anatolian Shepherd Dog
Size class: Giant • Key trait: Livestock guardian with rugged, functional size
Anatolian Shepherds weigh 110–150 lb (50–68 kg) and stand 29+ inches (74+ cm). They are working livestock guardians from Turkey, bred to independently protect flocks from wolves and bears. They are intensely loyal to their family but wary of strangers and other animals. They require a job — without one, they can become destructive or excessively territorial. Not suitable for apartment or suburban living without extensive acreage.
Why it made the list: Functional working size combined with independent intelligence makes them one of the most formidable guardian breeds.
12. Dogue de Bordeaux (French Mastiff)
Size class: Giant • Key trait: Massive head-to-body ratio and stocky build
The Dogue de Bordeaux weighs 110–150 lb (50–68 kg) and stands 23–27 inches (58–69 cm). While not the tallest, their enormous head (the largest in proportion to body of any breed) and thick, muscular build make them appear extraordinarily large. They are loyal, calm, and surprisingly sensitive. Brachycephalic features mean they are heat-intolerant and may require climate-controlled environments.
Why it made the list: Their stocky, low-slung build and massive head create a density of mass that few breeds can match.
Side-by-Side Comparison: All 12 Largest Dog Breeds
| Breed | Male Weight (lb / kg) | Male Height (in / cm) | Lifespan (years) | Exercise Needs (min/day) | Estimated Annual Cost (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English Mastiff | 160–230 / 73–104 | 30+ / 76+ | 6–10 | 30–45 | $3,500–$6,000 |
| Boerboel | 150–200 / 68–91 | 24–27 / 61–69 | 9–11 | 60–90 | $2,800–$4,500 |
| Saint Bernard | 140–180 / 64–82 | 28–30 / 71–76 | 8–10 | 45–60 | $3,200–$5,500 |
| Great Dane | 140–175 / 64–79 | 30–34 / 76–86 | 7–10 | 45–60 | $3,000–$5,500 |
| Neapolitan Mastiff | 150+ / 68+ | 26–31 / 66–79 | 7–9 | 30–45 | $3,000–$5,000 |
| Leonberger | 120–170 / 54–77 | 28–31.5 / 71–80 | 7–9 | 60–90 | $3,000–$5,000 |
| Newfoundland | 130–150 / 59–68 | 28 / 71 | 9–10 | 45–60 | $3,200–$5,000 |
| Tibetan Mastiff | 90–150 / 41–68 | 26+ / 66+ | 10–12 | 45–60 | $2,500–$4,500 |
| Irish Wolfhound | 120–155 / 54–70 | 32–35 / 81–89 | 6–8 | 45–60 | $3,500–$6,000 |
| Scottish Deerhound | 85–110 / 39–50 | 30–32 / 76–81 | 8–11 | 45–60 | $2,500–$4,000 |
| Anatolian Shepherd | 110–150 / 50–68 | 29+ / 74+ | 11–13 | 60–90 | $2,200–$3,800 |
| Dogue de Bordeaux | 110–150 / 50–68 | 23–27 / 58–69 | 5–8 | 30–45 | $3,000–$5,500 |
Cost estimates include food, routine veterinary care, preventive medications, grooming, and basic supplies. They do not include emergency care, pet insurance premiums, or one-time puppy purchase price (which ranges from $1,500–$5,000+ from a responsible breeder depending on breed and lineage).
Decision Framework: Which Giant Breed Fits Your Life?
Choosing between the top three — English Mastiff, Great Dane, and Irish Wolfhound — depends on what you prioritize. Use this framework to narrow down:
Step-by-Step Giant Breed Selector
- Do you have at least 1,200+ sq ft of indoor space and a fenced yard?
- No → Reconsider a giant breed entirely. If you are committed, the Great Dane is the most apartment-adaptable of the giants due to its low indoor energy.
- Yes → Continue to step 2.
- Is lifespan a major concern for you?
- I want the longest possible time → Tibetan Mastiff (10–12 years) or Anatolian Shepherd (11–13 years).
- I accept a shorter lifespan for the right dog → Continue to step 3.
- What is your primary goal?
- Maximum visual impact and calmness → English Mastiff (heaviest, most sedentary).
- Tallest dog with moderate energy → Great Dane (tallest common breed, playful).
- Tallest breed with gentle, quiet temperament → Irish Wolfhound (tallest AKC breed, calm).
- Active family companion that swims → Newfoundland or Leonberger.
- Livestock guardian or property protector → Anatolian Shepherd or Boerboel.
- Can you budget $3,000–$6,000 annually for care?
- No → Giant breeds are not financially responsible for your situation. Consider a large (not giant) breed like a Labrador Retriever or German Shepherd.
- Yes → You are ready to contact a responsible breeder or breed-specific rescue.
Honorable Mentions & Breeds to Approach With Caution
Several breeds came close but didn't meet all three criteria, or carry specific warnings for prospective owners:
- Cane Corso (honorable mention): Males reach 110 lb and 27.5 inches — just below our weight threshold for the main list, but a formidable guardian breed with strong training requirements.
- Bernese Mountain Dog (honorable mention): Males reach 115 lb and 27.5 inches. Beautiful and gentle, but their 6–8 year lifespan and high cancer rate (nearly 50% die of cancer per breed club surveys) make them a heartbreaking choice.
- Caucasian Shepherd / Central Asian Shepherd (approach with caution): These landrace breeds can exceed 170 lb but are not AKC-recognized and have intense guardian instincts that make them unsuitable for most households. They require experienced handlers and rural property.
- "Teacup" or "miniature" versions of giant breeds (avoid entirely): Any breeder advertising "miniature Mastiffs" or "teacup Great Danes" is either misrepresenting runts (which carry serious health issues) or running a scam. There is no legitimate breeding program for miniature giant breeds.
Health Considerations Unique to Giant Breeds
Owning one of the largest dog breeds comes with predictable health challenges. Before committing, understand these breed-wide risks:
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV / bloat): Deep-chested giant breeds are at highest risk. The AVMA recommends prophylactic gastropexy during spay/neuter surgery for at-risk breeds. Cost: $300–$800 when done preventively; $3,000–$7,000+ as emergency surgery.
- Hip and elbow dysplasia: Rapid growth in giant puppies stresses developing joints. Feed a large-breed puppy formula (AAFCO-approved) that limits calcium and calorie density to slow growth rate. Never supplement calcium without veterinary guidance.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM): Particularly prevalent in Irish Wolfhounds, Great Danes, and Newfoundlands. Annual cardiac screening via echocardiogram is recommended starting at age 2. Cost: $250–$500 per screening.
- Osteosarcoma: Bone cancer strikes giant breeds at significantly higher rates. Irish Wolfhounds and Great Danes are especially predisposed. Early detection via limb X-rays at any sign of lameness is critical.
- Joint supplements: Many giant breed owners begin glucosamine/chondroitin supplementation (e.g., Dasuquin Advanced, ~$60–$90 for a 150-count bottle) by age 2 to support joint cartilage. Consult your veterinarian before starting any supplement regimen.
🚨 Bloat Emergency: If your giant breed dog shows a distended abdomen, unproductive retching, restlessness, or pale gums, this is a life-threatening emergency. Go to the nearest 24-hour veterinary hospital immediately. Do NOT wait. GDV can be fatal within hours.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Largest Dog Breeds
What is the largest dog breed in the world?
By weight, the English Mastiff is the largest, with males reaching 230+ lb (104+ kg). By height, the Irish Wolfhound is the tallest recognized breed, with males standing 32–35 inches (81–89 cm) at the shoulder. The Great Dane frequently holds the record for tallest individual living dog.
How much does it cost to own a giant breed dog?
Expect $3,000–$6,000 per year in routine care (food, vet visits, preventives, grooming). Emergency veterinary care for giant breeds is significantly more expensive than for smaller dogs — a single GDV surgery can cost $5,000–$10,000. Pet insurance premiums for giant breeds typically run $80–$150/month. Puppy purchase price from a responsible breeder ranges from $1,500–$5,000 depending on breed.
Are giant dog breeds good with children?
Most giant breeds — especially Newfoundlands, Saint Bernards, Leonbergers, and Irish Wolfhounds — are famously gentle with children. However, their sheer size means they can accidentally knock over toddlers. Always supervise interactions and teach children to respect the dog's space. Never leave any dog unsupervised with young children.
How long do the largest dog breeds live?
Giant breeds have the shortest lifespans in the canine world. Most live 6–10 years. The Dogue de Bordeaux and Irish Wolfhound average just 5–8 years. The Anatolian Shepherd is an outlier at 11–13 years. This inverse relationship between size and longevity is well-documented in veterinary literature.
Can giant breeds live in apartments?
Technically, Great Danes and Mastiffs are surprisingly low-energy indoors and can adapt to apartment living if given adequate daily walks. However, most landlords have weight restrictions (often 50–75 lb), and the logistical challenges of managing a 150+ lb dog in an apartment — stairways, elevators, limited outdoor access — make it impractical for most owners. A house with a fenced yard is strongly recommended.
What should I feed a giant breed puppy?
Feed a commercial diet specifically labeled for "large breed puppy" growth (meeting AAFCO nutrient profiles for large-breed growth). These formulas restrict calcium (1.0–1.8% on a dry matter basis) and calorie density to prevent rapid skeletal growth that leads to joint problems. Do NOT supplement with calcium, vitamin D, or extra protein. Transition to an adult large-breed formula at 12–18 months depending on breed — consult your veterinarian for timing specific to your dog.
Why is the Great Dane on this list if it's lighter than a Mastiff?
The Great Dane qualifies because it exceeds both our height threshold (30–34 inches) and weight threshold (140–175 lb). While lighter than a Mastiff, its combination of extreme height and substantial weight creates one of the largest overall physical impressions of any breed. It also frequently holds the Guinness World Record for tallest living dog.
Final Thoughts: Size Isn't Everything
Knowing what the largest dog breed is makes for great trivia, but choosing a giant breed should be driven by your lifestyle, budget, and experience level — not just a number on a scale. Every breed on this list requires a committed owner who understands the financial, spatial, and emotional investment of sharing a home with a dog that may weigh as much as an adult human. If you are prepared for that commitment, few experiences compare to the bond you will build with a gentle giant.
Tom Renshaw
All our authors care for dogs every day — read more of their work on the authors page.
