Shih Tzu Black and White: Complete Breed Guide & Care Tips

The Shih Tzu Black and White: A Striking Toy Breed With Ancient Roots

The Shih Tzu black and white color combination is one of the most recognizable and sought-after coat patterns in this beloved toy breed. While all Shih Tzus share the same lineage and temperament regardless of color, the striking black and white (often called "parti-color" when patched, or simply bi-color) variety has a particular appeal for owners who love a dog that stands out at the dog park and on the grooming table alike.

Originating in Tibet and further refined in the imperial courts of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties (roughly 1368–1912), the Shih Tzu was bred as a companion and palace watchdog. The breed's name translates to "lion dog" in Mandarin, reflecting its association with Buddhist mythology and its bold, regal bearing. The American Kennel Club recognized the Shih Tzu in 1969, and it has consistently ranked among the top 20 most popular breeds in the United States.

As a toy breed, the Shih Tzu sits firmly in the smallest size class. Adults typically weigh between 9 and 16 lb (4–7 kg) and stand 8 to 11 inches (20–28 cm) at the withers. Lifespan ranges from 10 to 18 years, with many well-cared-for individuals reaching 15 or beyond. The black and white coat does not change the dog's classification, health profile, or temperament — coat color in Shih Tzus is governed by multiple genes, and black-and-white puppies can appear in the same litter as solid gold, brindle, or tri-color siblings.

Shih Tzu Black and White — Quick Reference

Attribute	Details
Size Class	Toy
Weight	9–16 lb (4–7 kg)
Height	8–11 in (20–28 cm)
Lifespan	10–18 years
Coat Type	Long, dense double coat; hair (not fur)
Coat Color	Black and white (parti-color or bi-color)
Energy Level	Low to moderate
AKC Group	Toy Group
Shedding	Low (hair-like coat sheds minimally)
Good for First-Time Owners	Yes — highly recommended

Temperament & Personality: What Living With a Shih Tzu Really Looks Like

The Shih Tzu was never bred to herd, hunt, or guard livestock. Its sole historical purpose was companionship, and that shows in every aspect of its personality. Here are the core traits you can expect:

• Affectionate lap-seeker: A Shih Tzu will follow you from room to room and attempt to sit on your lap the moment you sit down. They thrive on physical contact and do not do well when left alone for more than 4–6 hours regularly.
• Alert but not aggressive: They will bark at the doorbell, delivery drivers, and the neighbor's cat — but they are far more likely to lick a stranger than bite one. This makes them poor guard dogs but excellent little alarm systems.
• Stubbornly charming: Shih Tzus have a mind of their own. Training sessions that feel repetitive or boring will be met with a blank stare or a deliberate walk in the opposite direction. Keep sessions short (5–8 minutes) and reward-heavy.
• Playful in bursts: Expect 10–15 minute "zoomie" sessions followed by long naps. They are not endurance athletes, but they enjoy interactive play like tug, puzzle toys, and short fetch sessions in a hallway or small yard.
• Socially adaptable: Well-socialized Shih Tzus tend to get along with other dogs, cats, and children. They are generally not territorial or resource-guarding by nature, though any dog can develop these behaviors without proper early socialization.

Physical Characteristics: Size, Coat, and the Black-and-White Pattern

The Shih Tzu is a sturdy, compact toy dog — heavier and more solidly built than many people expect for its size. The breed standard calls for a broad, round head with large, dark, round eyes set well apart, a short muzzle (brachycephalic), and a level to slightly undershot bite. The tail is heavily plumed and carried curled over the back.

Weight range: 9–16 lb (4–7 kg). Males and females overlap significantly in size. Dogs under 9 lb are often marketed as "teacup" or "imperial" Shih Tzus, but these are not recognized breed variants and are frequently associated with health problems including hypoglycemia, fragile bones, and dental overcrowding.

Height: 8–11 inches (20–28 cm) at the shoulder.

Coat type: The Shih Tzu has a long, flowing double coat composed of hair rather than fur, which means it grows continuously and sheds very little — similar to human hair. The outer coat is straight or slightly wavy; the undercoat is softer and woolly.

The black and white pattern: This can appear as a primarily white body with black patches (parti-color), a primarily black body with white markings on the chest, paws, and face (bi-color), or a roughly 50/50 split. Many black and white Shih Tzus have a white blaze running up the center of the face between the eyes, which is a popular and classic marking. The AKC accepts all colors and markings in the show ring, so black and white is fully standard-compliant. Note that black pigment in Shih Tzus can fade to silver or charcoal gray as the dog matures, particularly around the muzzle — this is a normal genetic phenomenon called "clearing" and is not a health concern.

Exercise, Activity Needs, and Daily Routine

The Shih Tzu is a low-energy breed, but "low" does not mean "none." A sedentary lifestyle leads to obesity, which compounds the breed's existing joint and respiratory risks.

Daily exercise target: 30–45 minutes total, broken into two or three sessions. This can include:

• Two 15-minute leash walks at a comfortable pace (not jogging — their short muzzles make sustained aerobic exercise difficult)
• 10–15 minutes of indoor play: tug, hide-and-seek with treats, or a snuffle mat for mental enrichment
• Optional: short off-leash time in a secure, fenced area for sniffing and exploring

Sample Daily Schedule for an Adult Shih Tzu

Time	Activity	Duration
7:00 AM	Morning walk (leash, moderate pace)	15 minutes
8:00 AM	Breakfast + 10 min rest, then potty break	15 minutes
12:00 PM	Midday indoor play or puzzle toy session	10–15 minutes
5:00 PM	Evening walk	15 minutes
6:00 PM	Dinner + potty break	15 minutes
8:00 PM	Couch time, light training, or grooming	15–20 minutes

Heat warning: Because Shih Tzus are brachycephalic (flat-faced), they cannot pant efficiently to cool themselves. When outdoor temperatures exceed 80°F (27°C), move all exercise indoors. Watch for excessive panting, blue-tinged gums, or collapse — these are signs of heatstroke and require immediate veterinary attention.

Common Health Issues: What Shih Tzu Owners Need to Watch For

The Shih Tzu's compact build and brachycephalic skull shape predispose it to several specific health conditions. Responsible breeders screen for many of these, but even well-bred dogs can develop them. Always consult your veterinarian if you notice any symptoms described below.

Shih Tzu Health Conditions — Prevalence and Key Details

Condition	Estimated Prevalence	Onset	Key Symptoms	Treatment Overview
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)	~40–60% of brachycephalic breeds show some signs	Birth; worsens with age/weight gain	Snoring, noisy breathing, exercise intolerance, heat sensitivity	Weight management, surgery in severe cases (stenotic nares resection, soft palate shortening)
Patellar Luxation (kneecap dislocation)	~7–10% in toy breeds	Often evident by 6–12 months	Skipping gait, holding hind leg up, occasional yelping	Grades I–II: conservative management; Grades III–IV: surgical correction ($1,500–$3,500 per knee)
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)	~3–5% of Shih Tzus	Usually 3–8 years of age	Night blindness progressing to total blindness	No cure; DNA testing available for breeding stock
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)	~3–5% (higher in chondrodystrophic breeds)	Typically 3–7 years	Back pain, reluctance to jump, hind limb weakness or paralysis	Conservative (crate rest, anti-inflammatories) or surgical ($3,000–$8,000 depending on severity)
Dental Disease (periodontitis)	~80%+ of Shih Tzus by age 4	Starts as early as 1–2 years	Bad breath, red gums, loose teeth, difficulty eating	Professional cleaning under anesthesia ($400–$1,200), extractions as needed, daily home brushing

Additional conditions to be aware of:

• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye): Common in the breed; managed with lifelong cyclosporine or tacrolimus eye drops.
• Otitis externa (ear infections): Floppy, hairy ears trap moisture. Clean weekly with a vet-approved ear cleanser and keep ear hair trimmed.
• Hip dysplasia: Less common than in large breeds but still present; OFA screening recommended for breeding dogs.
• Renal dysplasia: A hereditary kidney condition occasionally seen in the breed; DNA tests and early bloodwork screening are advisable.

Grooming Requirements: Maintaining That Black and White Coat

The Shih Tzu's hair-like double coat is one of its defining features — and one of its biggest time commitments. A black and white coat shows dirt, tear stains, and matting more readily than darker solid colors, so grooming diligence is especially important.

Daily brushing (10–15 minutes): Use a slicker brush followed by a metal comb to work through the full coat down to the skin. Pay special attention to behind the ears, the armpits, and the "skirts" along the belly — these are prime matting zones. A leave-in conditioning spray can help prevent tangles.

Professional grooming (every 4–6 weeks): Expect to pay $50–$90 per session depending on your area. Most owners opt for a "puppy cut" (1–2 inches all over) to reduce daily maintenance. If you prefer the full show-style coat, be prepared for significantly more daily brushing and monthly wrapping/banding.

Tear stain management: The white portions of the coat around the eyes are prone to reddish-brown tear staining caused by porphyrins in tears. Wipe the face daily with a damp cloth or a tear-stain wipe. For persistent staining, your vet may recommend a product containing low-dose antibiotics or a pH-balancing wipe. Ensure your dog's drinking water is filtered if it has high mineral content, which can worsen staining.

Bathing: Every 3–4 weeks, or as needed. Use a canine-specific shampoo (pH 6.5–7.5) — human shampoo disrupts the acid mantle of a dog's skin. For black coats, a color-enhancing shampoo can help maintain rich pigmentation.

Nail trimming: Every 2–3 weeks. Shih Tzu nails grow quickly, and overgrown nails alter foot structure and gait. Use a scissor-style clipper or a rotary grinder (e.g., Dremel PawControl).

Ear care: Clean weekly with a veterinarian-recommended ear cleanser. Pluck excess hair from the ear canal if recommended by your vet — though some veterinary dermatologists now advise against routine plucking as it can cause inflammation.

Training and Intelligence: What to Expect

The Shih Tzu is intelligent but independently minded. On the canine intelligence spectrum, they are often rated as "average" working/obedience intelligence (understanding new commands in 25–40 repetitions, obeying known commands 50% of the time or better, per Stanley Coren's classification). This does not mean they are unintelligent — they simply prioritize their own comfort and preferences over compliance.

Trainability rating: Moderate. Expect to invest more patience and creativity than you would with a Border Collie or Poodle.

Recommended training methods: Positive reinforcement exclusively. Use high-value treats (small pieces of boiled chicken, freeze-dried liver, or commercial training treats under 3 calories each), clicker marking, and enthusiastic praise. Shih Tzus shut down under harsh corrections or force-based methods. A force-free, LIMA (Least Intrusive, Minimally Aversive) approach produces the best results.

House-training timeline: 4–8 months on average, with some individuals taking up to a year. Shih Tzus have small bladders and a low tolerance for going outside in cold or wet weather. Strategies that work:

• Take them out every 1–2 hours during the initial training period
• Use an indoor grass pad or pee pad station as a weather backup
• Crate training helps establish bladder control (never crate for more than 3–4 hours during the day for a puppy)
• Reward immediately upon outdoor elimination — within 2 seconds of finishing

Socialization window: The critical socialization period closes around 12–16 weeks. Expose your Shih Tzu puppy to diverse people, surfaces, sounds, other vaccinated dogs, and handling (paws, ears, mouth) during this window to prevent fear-based behaviors later.

Family Suitability: Kids, Other Pets, and Apartment Living

With children: Shih Tzus are generally good with children ages 6 and up who have been taught to handle small dogs gently. Because of their small size and protruding eyes (which are vulnerable to injury), they are not recommended for homes with toddlers or very young children who may pick them up roughly or accidentally drop them. Always supervise dog-child interactions.

With other pets: Well-socialized Shih Tzus typically coexist peacefully with other dogs and even cats. They are not prey-driven and do not tend to chase. Introduce new pets gradually using scent-swapping and controlled, leashed meetings. Multi-dog households often report that Shih Tzus become "shadow" companions to larger, calmer dogs.

Apartment living: This is one of the best breeds for apartment life. They are small, relatively quiet (barking is moderate, not excessive compared to breeds like Miniature Schnauzers), and do not need a yard. A daily walk routine and indoor enrichment are sufficient. Check your building's pet weight limits — Shih Tzus almost always qualify.

Seniors and low-mobility owners: The Shih Tzu is an outstanding match. Their low exercise needs, small size, and strong desire for companionship make them ideal for retirees or anyone with a less active lifestyle. The primary consideration is the grooming commitment, which can be outsourced to a professional groomer.

Cost of Ownership: Buying and Maintaining a Shih Tzu Black and White

The cost of acquiring and caring for a Shih Tzu varies by region, breeder reputation, and whether you adopt or purchase from a breeder.

Puppy purchase price (from a responsible breeder): $1,500–$3,500 in 2026. Breeders who perform OFA health testing (patellas, hips, eyes), provide early neurological stimulation, and offer a health guarantee and take-back clause typically charge at the higher end. "Rare" or "imperial" marketing does not indicate higher quality — in fact, breeders advertising unusually small sizes are often prioritizing aesthetics over health.

Adoption/rescue cost: $200–$600 through breed-specific rescues (e.g., the American Shih Tzu Club rescue network) or local shelters. Adult Shih Tzus are occasionally available due to owner surrenders.

Estimated Annual Cost Breakdown (Adult Shih Tzu)

Expense Category	Low Estimate	High Estimate
Food (high-quality small-breed kibble or wet food)	$240/year	$480/year
Professional grooming (8–12 sessions/year)	$400/year	$1,080/year
Routine veterinary care (exams, vaccines, heartworm/flea prevention)	$400/year	$800/year
Dental cleaning (1× per year or every 2 years)	$400/year	$1,200/year
Pet insurance (accident + illness plan)	$360/year	$720/year
Supplies, toys, treats, miscellaneous	$150/year	$400/year
Total Annual Cost	$1,950	$4,680

First-year total (including puppy purchase): Expect $3,500–$8,000 when you combine the purchase price, initial veterinary visits (vaccination series, spay/neuter, microchip), crate, harness, grooming tools, and supplies.

Emergency fund recommendation: Set aside $2,000–$5,000 or carry pet insurance. A single IVDD surgery or emergency BOAS episode can cost $3,000–$8,000.

Frequently Asked Questions

For further reading, see the AKC Shih Tzu breed standard and the Merck Veterinary Manual's Shih Tzu overview. If you have concerns about your Shih Tzu's breathing, eyes, or mobility, schedule an examination with your veterinarian promptly.