Smooth Collie: The Short Hair Collie Dog Breed Profile & Care Guide
Discover the Smooth Collie, the short hair collie dog breed with herding roots, a loyal temperament, and lower grooming needs.
Meet the Smooth Collie: The Short Hair Collie Dog You Haven't Heard Of
When most people hear "Collie," they picture the flowing, Lassie-style coat of the Rough Collie. But there's a sleeker, less-recognized sibling that shares the same intelligence, loyalty, and herding instinct — the Smooth Collie. Often searched as the short hair collie dog, this breed is essentially a Rough Collie in a low-maintenance coat, and it remains one of the best-kept secrets among herding breed enthusiasts in the United States.
The Smooth Collie stands 22–26 inches (56–66 cm) at the shoulder, weighs 50–75 lb (23–34 kg), and carries the same refined wedge-shaped head, almond eyes, and elegant silhouette as its rough-coated counterpart. The key difference? A short, dense, flat-lying double coat that sheds moderately year-round but never requires the hour-long brushing sessions a Rough Collie demands.
If you've been searching for a herding breed that fits an active family lifestyle without the high-maintenance grooming, the Smooth Collie deserves serious consideration. Here's everything you need to know.
Origin Story: From Scottish Highlands to American Rarity
The Smooth Collie's roots trace back to the Scottish Highlands and northern England, where it was developed alongside the Rough Collie as a working herding dog. While the Rough Collie was primarily tasked with guarding and tending sheep in the open hills, the Smooth Collie was believed to specialize in driving cattle and sheep to market — work that required speed, agility, and a coat that wouldn't collect burrs, mud, and debris on long drives through brush and lowlands.
Smooth Collie Origin Timeline
- 1800s: Smooth and Rough Collies interbred freely in Scotland; coat type was the only distinguishing factor. Both varieties appeared in the same litters.
- 1867: Queen Victoria visits Balmoral Castle in Scotland and becomes enamored with Collies, boosting the breed's popularity among British aristocracy.
- 1886: The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognizes the Collie as a single breed with two coat varieties — Rough and Smooth.
- 1920s–1940s: The Rough Collie surges in popularity (fueled by the Lassie franchise starting in 1938), while the Smooth Collie remains a niche choice among breeders and working dog enthusiasts.
- Present day: The Smooth Collie remains significantly rarer than the Rough Collie. The AKC registers both under the single "Collie" breed standard, and the AKC Smooth Collie page notes it as a recognized variety.
In the UK, the situation differs slightly. The Kennel Club (UK) recognizes the Smooth Collie and the Rough Collie as separate breeds, each with its own breed standard. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) also separates them — Rough Collie (FCI #156) and Smooth Collie (FCI #296). In the United States, however, they remain two varieties of one AKC-registered breed, which has contributed to the Smooth's lower visibility.
How rare is this breed today? The Smooth Collie consistently ranks in the bottom third of AKC breed popularity rankings. In recent registration data, the Smooth Collie variety typically places between #100 and #130 out of roughly 200 recognized breeds and varieties. Finding a Smooth Collie puppy in the U.S. often requires joining a breed-specific waitlist and working with a limited number of dedicated breeders, primarily through the Collie Club of America.
Physical Traits: What Sets the Short Hair Collie Dog Apart
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Weight (Male) | 60–75 lb / 27–34 kg |
| Weight (Female) | 50–65 lb / 23–29 kg |
| Height (Male) | 24–26 in / 61–66 cm |
| Height (Female) | 22–24 in / 56–61 cm |
| Coat | Short, dense, flat double coat; harsh outer coat with soft undercoat |
| Colors | Sable & white, tri-color (black/white/tan), blue merle, white |
| Energy Level | Moderate-high; 60–90 minutes of daily exercise |
| Grooming Needs | Low-moderate; brushing 2–3 times per week |
| Lifespan | 12–14 years |
| Family Fit | Excellent with children and other pets; may try to herd small children |
The Smooth Collie's coat is its most defining feature relative to the Rough variety. The outer coat is short (approximately 1–2 inches in length across the body), hard, and flat-lying, while the undercoat is extremely dense and soft. This combination provides excellent weather protection without the matting risk of a long coat. You'll notice slightly longer fur on the neck ruff and the backs of the forelegs — but nothing approaching the profuse mane and feathering of a Rough Collie.
The head is a hallmark of the breed: a lean, blunted wedge with a slight stop, dark almond-shaped eyes (except in blue merles, where one or both eyes may be blue), and semi-erect ears that fold forward at the tips. The expression is often described as "intelligent and alert" — and any Smooth Collie owner will confirm that description is earned daily.
Temperament: What Surprises New Smooth Collie Owners
Here's what catches first-time Smooth Collie owners off guard:
1. They are vocal dogs. Collies of both varieties were bred to work livestock at a distance, which required barking to move herds and communicate with handlers. Your Smooth Collie will announce visitors, squirrels, the mail carrier, and occasionally nothing at all. This isn't aggression — it's communication. Early training with positive reinforcement can teach a "quiet" cue, but you should expect a talkative dog.
2. They are sensitive to household tension. Collies are known for being emotionally attuned to their people. Raised voices, arguments, or even a stressed owner can cause a Smooth Collie to become anxious, withdrawn, or clingy. They thrive in calm, predictable households and do not respond well to harsh correction. Force-free training methods are not just recommended — they're essential for this breed.
3. The herding instinct is real and persistent. Don't expect the short coat to mean a mellow companion. Smooth Collies will circle running children, nip at heels during play, and attempt to "gather" other pets. This isn't misbehavior — it's deeply embedded genetics. Redirecting this instinct into structured activities like herding trials, agility, or treibball (a herding-ball sport) keeps the drive channeled productively.
4. They bond intensely with their family but are reserved with strangers. A Smooth Collie typically warms up to new people with time, but they are not the gregarious greet-everyone breed that a Golden Retriever is. They watch, assess, and then decide. This makes them excellent watchdogs (alert but not aggressive) and deeply loyal companions.
Is this breed suitable for families and first-time owners? Yes — with preparation. The Smooth Collie is a strong choice for a first-time owner who is committed to daily exercise, mental stimulation, and positive reinforcement training. Their intelligence makes them highly trainable (they excel in obedience and rally), but that same intelligence means they get bored quickly without engagement. A Smooth Collie left alone for 8+ hours daily with no enrichment will develop problem behaviors like excessive barking, chewing, or digging.
Health Concerns: Breed-Specific Risks You Should Know
The Smooth Collie benefits from the same genetic diversity as the Rough Collie (in the U.S., they're interbred, meaning Rough and Smooth puppies can appear in the same litter). However, several hereditary conditions are well-documented in the Collie breed family. Responsible breeders screen for these before producing litters.
| Condition | Description | Prevalence/Notes | Screening Test |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) | Congenital eye defect ranging from mild choroidal hypoplasia to retinal detachment and blindness | Affects an estimated 70–97% of Collies to some degree (mild forms may not impair vision) | CERF exam by veterinary ophthalmologist by 6–8 weeks; DNA test available |
| MDR1 Gene Mutation | Multi-drug sensitivity; affected dogs can have severe reactions to ivermectin, loperamide, and other common drugs | Approximately 70% of Collies carry at least one copy of the mutation | DNA test via Washington State University Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Lab |
| Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) | Gradual degeneration of the retina leading to eventual blindness | Less common than CEA but documented in the breed | CERF exam; DNA test for prcd-PRA |
| Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) | Progressive spinal cord disease causing hind-limb weakness and eventual paralysis | Carrier frequency varies; onset typically 8+ years | DNA test (SOD1 mutation) |
| Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat) | Life-threatening stomach twisting; deep-chested breeds at higher risk | Collies are considered a moderate-risk breed due to chest conformation | No screening test; preventive gastropexy discussed with veterinarian |
The MDR1 mutation deserves special emphasis because it directly affects medication safety. If your Smooth Collie carries two copies of the mutant gene, standard doses of drugs like ivermectin (used in some heartworm preventives), loperamide (Imodium), and certain chemotherapy agents can cause neurological toxicity — tremors, disorientation, seizures, or death. Always have your Collie DNA-tested for MDR1 and share results with your veterinarian before any medication is prescribed. If you suspect your dog has ingested a toxic substance, contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435 (24/7, consultation fee applies) immediately.
For any hereditary health concerns, consult your veterinarian to establish a screening and monitoring plan tailored to your individual dog.
Smooth Collie vs. Rough Collie vs. Shetland Sheepdog
Because the Smooth Collie is so often confused with or compared to other herding breeds, here's a practical comparison to help you decide:
| Trait | Smooth Collie | Rough Collie | Shetland Sheepdog (Sheltie) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weight | 50–75 lb / 23–34 kg | 50–75 lb / 23–34 kg | 15–25 lb / 7–11 kg |
| Coat Maintenance | Low-moderate (2–3x/week brushing) | High (daily brushing, professional grooming) | Moderate-high (3–5x/week brushing) |
| Shedding | Moderate year-round, heavier seasonal blows | Heavy year-round, profuse seasonal blows | Heavy year-round, profuse seasonal blows |
| Exercise Needs | 60–90 min/day | 60–90 min/day | 45–60 min/day |
| Barking Level | Moderate-high | Moderate-high | High |
| AKC Popularity Rank | ~#100–130 (as variety) | ~#38 | ~#28 |
| Apartment Suitability | Possible with sufficient exercise | Possible but space-intensive | Good fit for apartments |
| Key Distinction | Same dog as Rough Collie, less coat care | Iconic long coat; higher grooming commitment | Separate breed; smaller, more compact |
The Smooth Collie is not a Shetland Sheepdog. Shelties are a distinct, smaller breed that originated on the Shetland Islands and were influenced by Spitz-type dogs in addition to Collie ancestry. If you want the Collie temperament and look in a smaller package, the Sheltie is a legitimate option — but it's a different breed with its own standard and health profile.
Special Care Requirements for the Smooth Collie
Smooth Collie Care Checklist
- Brushing: Use a slicker brush and undercoat rake 2–3 times per week. During seasonal coat blows (spring and fall), daily brushing with a deshedding tool like the Furminator for short-haired large breeds reduces loose fur significantly.
- Bathing: Every 6–8 weeks or as needed. Use a dog-specific shampoo — Collie skin can be sensitive. The short coat dries quickly, which is a practical advantage over the Rough variety.
- Exercise: Minimum 60 minutes of structured activity daily. Ideal routine: 30-minute brisk walk morning and evening, plus 15–30 minutes of fetch, flirt pole, or agility work. Mental exercise (puzzle feeders, scent work, training sessions) is equally important.
- Training: Start positive reinforcement training early. Collies are fast learners but bore easily — keep sessions short (5–10 minutes), varied, and reward-based. Avoid repetitive drills. Consider enrolling in a herding instinct test through the American Herding Breed Association to channel their drive.
- Socialization: Expose your Smooth Collie puppy to diverse people, environments, sounds, and other animals between 8–16 weeks. Their natural wariness of strangers can tip into shyness without early, positive socialization experiences.
- Nutrition: Feed an AAFCO-complete-and-balanced diet formulated for large or medium breeds. For puppies, choose a formula that meets AAFCO growth standards for large breeds (calcium-phosphorus ratio controlled to support proper bone development). Adult Smooth Collies typically eat 2.5–3.5 cups of quality kibble daily, split into two meals to reduce bloat risk.
- Bloat prevention: Feed two smaller meals rather than one large meal. Avoid vigorous exercise for 60 minutes before and after eating. Discuss prophylactic gastropexy with your veterinarian, especially if you have a deep-chested individual.
Availability, Pricing, and Finding a Responsible Breeder
Because the Smooth Collie is uncommon in the United States, acquiring one requires patience and research. Here's what to expect in terms of cost and sourcing:
Puppy price range: $1,500–$3,500 from a responsible breeder who performs health testing (CERF eye exams, MDR1 DNA test, DM screening, and hip evaluations via OFA or PennHIP). Puppies from champion show lines or working/herding lines may command $3,000–$4,500. Be wary of any breeder offering Smooth Collie puppies below $1,000 — this often signals a lack of health testing or a backyard breeding operation.
Wait times: Expect to join a waitlist 6–18 months in advance. Many Smooth Collie breeders produce only 1–2 litters per year, and litter sizes average 6–8 puppies. Since Rough and Smooth puppies can appear in the same litter, you may be competing with buyers who specifically want Rough-coated puppies from the same breeder.
Where to look:
- The Collie Club of America maintains a breeder referral service and can connect you with members who breed Smooth Collies.
- Regional Collie clubs (e.g., Collie Club of Northern California, Greater Milwaukee Collie Club) often have their own breeder directories.
- AKC Marketplace may list available litters, but always verify health testing independently through the OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) database.
- Collie rescue organizations — such as the Collie Rescue Foundation — occasionally have Smooth Collies available for adoption, typically at fees of $300–$500.
Red flags to avoid:
- Breeders who cannot provide OFA or PennHIP hip clearance certificates for both parents
- No CERF eye exam documentation within the past 12 months
- Unwillingness to share MDR1 test results for the breeding pair
- Breeder has multiple litters available simultaneously or breeds more than 2–3 breeds
- No take-back clause in the contract (responsible breeders always require puppies be returned to them if the owner cannot keep the dog)
- Puppies sold before 8 weeks of age
First-year cost estimate: Beyond the purchase price, budget approximately $2,000–$3,500 for the first year of ownership. This includes initial veterinary exams and vaccinations ($400–$700), spay/neuter ($300–$600), high-quality food ($600–$900/year), crate, leash, collar, and supplies ($200–$400), training classes ($200–$500), and pet insurance premiums ($50–$80/month for comprehensive coverage).
Real Owner Insights: Living With a Short Hair Collie Dog
Smooth Collie owners consistently report a few themes about life with this breed:
Energy level reality: This is not a couch potato breed, but it's also not a Border Collie-level endurance machine. Most Smooth Collies are satisfied with 60–90 minutes of daily activity and will happily settle on the couch in the evening. However, young adults (ages 1–3) tend to have more energy and need more structured outlets to prevent restlessness.
Trainability: Collies rank among the most trainable breeds, but they think independently. They'll learn a "sit" in three repetitions, but they may also decide that sitting on the couch is more interesting than sitting on command. Motivation matters — find what your dog values (food, toys, praise) and use it. They respond exceptionally well to clicker training and shaping exercises.
Lifestyle fit: The Smooth Collie is best suited for active families, suburban or rural homes with a fenced yard, and owners who enjoy dog sports or outdoor activities. They can adapt to apartment living if exercised sufficiently, but their barking tendency may create friction with neighbors in close-quarters housing.
Multi-pet households: Smooth Collies generally coexist well with other dogs and cats, especially when raised together. Their herding instinct may manifest as circling or gentle nipping toward smaller pets, which can be managed with training but rarely disappears entirely.
The grooming advantage: Owners who switch from Rough Collies to Smooth Collies consistently cite grooming time as the biggest quality-of-life improvement. A Smooth Collie's coat can be maintained in 10–15 minutes of brushing per session, compared to 30–60 minutes for a Rough Collie. Mud, snow, and debris also shake off the short coat far more easily.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is a Smooth Collie the same breed as a Rough Collie?
In the United States, yes. The AKC registers both as "Collie" with two coat varieties: Rough and Smooth. They share the same breed standard except for coat description. In the UK and under FCI rules, they are registered as separate breeds.
Do Smooth Collies shed a lot?
They shed moderately year-round and experience heavier "coat blows" once or twice annually (typically spring and fall). While they shed less total volume than a Rough Collie, the short hairs can embed in fabrics and are noticeable on dark clothing. Regular brushing with a deshedding tool significantly reduces loose fur in the home.
Can a Smooth Collie and Rough Collie be born in the same litter?
Yes. Because the AKC considers them varieties of the same breed, Rough-to-Smooth, Smooth-to-Rough, and Rough-to-Rough breedings are all permitted. A single litter can produce both coat types, depending on the parents' genetics.
Are Smooth Collies good with children?
Generally, yes. Collies are known for being gentle, patient, and protective of children in their family. However, the herding instinct may cause them to circle or nip at running children. Supervision and training (for both the dog and the children) are important, especially during the puppy and adolescent stages.
What is the MDR1 mutation and why does it matter for my Smooth Collie?
The MDR1 (multi-drug resistance 1) gene mutation affects the blood-brain barrier, allowing certain drugs to enter the brain at toxic levels. Approximately 70% of Collies carry at least one copy. Dogs with two copies are highly sensitive to drugs including ivermectin, loperamide, acepromazine, and some chemotherapy agents. A simple DNA test through the WSU Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Lab can identify your dog's status. Always share results with your veterinarian before any medication is administered.
How long do Smooth Collies live?
The typical lifespan is 12–14 years, which is solidly average to above-average for a dog of this size. Maintaining a healthy body condition score (BCS of 4–5 on a 9-point scale), keeping up with preventive veterinary care, and managing breed-specific health risks contribute to longevity.
Marcus Aldridge
All our authors care for dogs every day — read more of their work on the authors page.
