A Complete Guide
Discover the small dog breed Chiwawa (Chihuahua) and 11 other tiny breeds.
If you've ever typed "small dog breed chiwawa" into a search bar, you're not alone — the Chihuahua (often spelled phonetically by new dog owners) remains one of the most searched tiny breeds in the United States. But whether you're dead-set on a Chihuahua or still weighing your options, this guide breaks down the Chihuahua alongside 11 other small breeds that deserve your attention. We'll compare real numbers — weight ranges, veterinary costs, exercise needs, and lifespan — so you can make an evidence-based decision rather than choosing on cuteness alone.
How We Selected These 12 Small Dog Breeds
Selection Criteria for This List:
- Maximum adult weight: 20 lb (9 kg) or under at the upper range
- AKC or UKC recognition: All breeds must be recognized by a major registry with documented breed standards
- Companion breed purpose: Bred primarily for companionship, not working/herding roles requiring high-intensity jobs
- US availability: Breed must have an established breeder or rescue network in the United States
- Minimum lifespan data: Peer-reviewed or registry-published longevity data available
We excluded "teacup" or "miniature" marketing variants that are simply runts bred to runts — these carry severe health risks and are not recognized as separate breeds by the American Kennel Club.
The Chihuahua: The Original "Chiwawa" Small Dog Breed
1. Chihuahua
Size class: Toy (2–6 lb / 0.9–2.7 kg; 5–8 inches tall)
Key trait: The smallest recognized breed in the world — bold personality in a package that fits in a handbag
The Chihuahua originated in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, with roots potentially tracing to the ancient Techichi dogs kept by the Toltec civilization. Despite weighing barely more than a bag of sugar, Chihuahuas carry themselves with terrier-like confidence. They bond intensely with one person and can be suspicious of strangers, making early socialization critical. Their average lifespan of 14–16 years is among the longest of any breed, though they are predisposed to patellar luxation (kneecap dislocation), cardiac disease (particularly mitral valve disease in older dogs), and hypoglycemia in puppies under 6 months. Expect to pay $500–$2,500 for a health-tested puppy from a responsible breeder, or $150–$400 through breed-specific rescues like the Chihuahua Rescue & Referral network.
2. Pomeranian
Size class: Toy (3–7 lb / 1.4–3.2 kg; 6–7 inches tall)
Key trait: Spitz-type boldness wrapped in a double coat that demands serious grooming commitment
Pomeranians descend from large Arctic sled dogs, selectively bred down to toy size in Pomerania (modern-day Poland/Germany). Queen Victoria popularized the smaller variety in the late 1800s. Their thick double coat requires brushing 3–4 times weekly to prevent matting, and professional grooming runs $50–$80 per session every 6–8 weeks. Pomeranians are prone to tracheal collapse — always use a harness, never a collar, for leash walks. Lifespan averages 12–16 years. Puppy prices range from $1,000–$3,500 from OFA-tested breeders.
3. Yorkshire Terrier
Size class: Toy (4–7 lb / 1.8–3.2 kg; 7–8 inches tall)
Key trait: Hypoallergenic, hair-like coat that sheds minimally — ideal for allergy-sensitive households
Yorkies were originally bred in northern England to catch rats in textile mills before becoming Victorian-era lapdogs. Their silky, human-hair-like coat requires daily brushing if kept long, or a "puppy cut" every 6–8 weeks ($45–$75 per groom). Yorkies rank high on trainability for a toy breed but can develop small-dog syndrome (excessive barking, resource guarding) if owners skip boundaries. Health concerns include portosystemic shunt (a liver vascular defect, surgical correction costs $3,000–$6,000), luxating patellas, and dental crowding requiring professional cleanings under anesthesia ($400–$800 annually). Lifespan: 11–15 years. Puppy cost: $1,200–$2,500.
4. Toy Poodle
Size class: Toy (4–6 lb / 1.8–2.7 kg; under 10 inches tall)
Key trait: Highest intelligence ranking among toy breeds — excels at obedience, tricks, and canine sports
Toy Poodles share the same breed standard as Standard Poodles, just scaled down. They originated in Germany as water retrievers, not France as commonly believed. Their non-shedding, curly coat is genuinely hypoallergenic for most allergy sufferers but requires professional grooming every 4–6 weeks ($60–$90 per session). Toy Poodles are exceptionally trainable and thrive on mental stimulation — puzzle feeders, nose work, and trick training prevent boredom-related barking. Health screenings should include OFA evaluations for patellar luxation, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). Lifespan: 12–15 years. Puppy cost: $1,500–$3,000 from health-tested lines.
5. Papillon
Size class: Toy (5–10 lb / 2.3–4.5 kg; 8–11 inches tall)
Key trait: The athletic outlier — agility and obedience competition star among toy breeds
Named for their butterfly-like ear fringing, Papillons have been depicted in European royal portraits since the 1500s. Unlike many toy breeds, Papillons actively excel in dog agility, rally obedience, and even barn hunt. They need 30–45 minutes of daily activity — more than the average Chihuahua — and respond beautifully to positive reinforcement training. Their single coat is surprisingly low-maintenance: brushing 2–3 times weekly with no professional grooming required. Health concerns include open fontanel (soft spot on skull that may not close), patellar luxation, and dental issues. Lifespan: 14–16 years. Puppy cost: $1,000–$2,500. This breed is less commonly available in rescues, so expect a waitlist.
6. Maltese
Size class: Toy (under 7 lb / under 3.2 kg; 7–9 inches tall)
Key trait: Gentle, low-energy companion that thrives in apartments and with less-mobile owners
Maltese dogs have been cherished Mediterranean companions for over 2,000 years — Aristotle wrote about them. Their pure white, floor-length coat is show-stopping but demands daily brushing and monthly professional grooming ($50–$80). Many pet owners opt for a short "teddy bear cut" to reduce maintenance. Maltese are notably gentle and less yappy than some toy breeds, making them suitable for condo living with thin walls. Health risks include tear staining (manage with daily eye wiping and filtered water), White Shaker Syndrome (idiopathic cerebellar tremors), and hypoglycemia in puppies. Lifespan: 12–15 years. Puppy cost: $1,500–$4,000.
7. Brussels Griffon
Size class: Toy (8–10 lb / 3.6–4.5 kg; 9–11 inches tall)
Key trait: Almost-human facial expressions and clownish personality — the comedian of small breeds
Originally bred in Belgium to hunt rats in stables, the Brussels Griffon became a fashionable companion in the late 1800s. Their distinctive pushed-in face and large, round eyes give them an expression often described as "human-like." They come in rough-coated and smooth-coated varieties. Griffons are sensitive dogs that do poorly with harsh training methods — force-free, reward-based training is essential. They bond deeply and can develop separation anxiety if left alone for 8+ hours daily. Health concerns include brachycephalic airway issues (mild compared to Pugs), syringomyelia, and eye injuries due to prominent eyes. Lifespan: 12–15 years. Puppy cost: $1,800–$3,500 — they are relatively rare in the US.
8. Chinese Crested
Size class: Toy (8–12 lb / 3.6–5.4 kg; 11–13 inches tall)
Key trait: Hairless variety offers a unique look and reduced allergen exposure (but not truly hypoallergenic)
Chinese Cresteds come in two varieties: hairless (with tufts on head, tail, and feet) and powderpuff (fully coated). Despite the name, genetic research suggests African or Mexican origins, with Chinese traders distributing them along shipping routes. Hairless Cresteds require sunscreen on exposed skin during outdoor time and may need sweaters in temperatures below 50°F (10°C). They are playful, alert, and surprisingly agile. Dental health is a major concern — many hairless Cresteds lose teeth early due to genetic dental defects, so budget for dental care ($400–$1,200 annually). Lifespan: 13–18 years. Puppy cost: $1,000–$2,500.
9. Italian Greyhound
Size class: Small/Toy (7–14 lb / 3.2–6.4 kg; 13–15 inches tall)
Key trait: Sighthound speed and grace in a miniature frame — needs sprint opportunities, not just walks
Italian Greyhounds are the smallest sighthound, with roots stretching back to ancient Mediterranean civilizations. They are not simply small Greyhounds — they are a distinct breed with unique proportions. Iggy owners should plan for daily sprint sessions in a safely fenced area (they can reach 25 mph and will chase anything that moves). Their extremely thin coat and low body fat mean they feel cold easily — invest in multiple coats for winter ($20–$50 each). Fragile leg bones make them prone to fractures, especially in puppies under 18 months; avoid situations where they might jump from furniture. Health screenings should include OFA evaluations for patellar luxation and autoimmune thyroiditis. Lifespan: 14–15 years. Puppy cost: $1,500–$3,000.
10. Russian Toy
Size class: Toy (up to 6.5 lb / up to 3 kg; 8–11 inches tall)
Key trait: Rare in the US — a long-legged, elegant toy breed with terrier-like alertness
The Russian Toy was developed in Moscow from English Toy Terrier stock in the 18th and 19th centuries, nearly going extinct during the Soviet era before dedicated breeders revived it. AKC recognized the breed in 2022. They come in smooth-coated and long-coated varieties. Russian Toys are alert, reserved with strangers, and fiercely loyal to their families. Their rarity means finding a US-based breeder requires patience — expect waitlists of 12–18 months and travel to pick up puppies. Health data is limited due to small population size, but known concerns include patellar luxation and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Lifespan: estimated 12–14 years. Puppy cost: $2,000–$4,000+ due to scarcity.
11. Affenpinscher
Size class: Toy (7–10 lb / 3.2–4.5 kg; 9–11.5 inches tall)
Key trait: Monkey-like expression and confident, terrier-style attitude in a compact frame
The Affenpinscher ("monkey terrier" in German) is one of the oldest toy breeds, depicted in 17th-century paintings. They were originally bred to hunt rodents in German kitchens and stables. Their wiry, rough coat requires hand-stripping or clipping every 2–3 months ($40–$65 per groom). Affenpinschers are confident, sometimes stubborn, and respond best to short, fun training sessions using food rewards. They can be territorial with toys and food — resource guarding prevention training should begin in puppyhood. Health concerns include patellar luxation, hip dysplasia (unusual in such a small breed), and respiratory issues related to their slightly shortened muzzle. Lifespan: 12–15 years. Puppy cost: $1,500–$3,000. Very few breeders in the US — expect limited availability.
12. Biewer Terrier
Size class: Toy (4–8 lb / 1.8–3.6 kg; 7–11 inches tall)
Key trait: The newest AKC-recognized toy breed (2021) — a tri-colored offshoot of the Yorkshire Terrier
The Biewer Terrier originated in Germany in 1984 when a pair of Yorkshire Terriers produced a puppy with a unique tri-color (black, white, and gold) pattern caused by the piebald gene. Werner and Gertrud Biewer developed the line into a distinct breed. Biewer Terriers share the Yorkie's hypoallergenic coat but with a more laid-back temperament — they tend to bark less and adapt more easily to varied household routines. Grooming needs mirror the Yorkie: daily brushing for long coats or regular puppy cuts. Health concerns include portosystemic shunt, patellar luxation, and dental crowding. Lifespan: 12–15 years. Puppy cost: $2,500–$4,500 — still relatively new and in demand.
Head-to-Head Comparison: All 12 Small Breeds
| Breed | Weight Range | Exercise Needs (min/day) | Grooming Cost (annual est.) | Lifespan | Puppy Price Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chihuahua | 2–6 lb / 0.9–2.7 kg | 20–30 | $0–$300 | 14–16 years | $500–$2,500 |
| Pomeranian | 3–7 lb / 1.4–3.2 kg | 20–30 | $400–$700 | 12–16 years | $1,000–$3,500 |
| Yorkshire Terrier | 4–7 lb / 1.8–3.2 kg | 20–30 | $350–$600 | 11–15 years | $1,200–$2,500 |
| Toy Poodle | 4–6 lb / 1.8–2.7 kg | 30–45 | $600–$1,100 | 12–15 years | $1,500–$3,000 |
| Papillon | 5–10 lb / 2.3–4.5 kg | 30–45 | $0–$200 | 14–16 years | $1,000–$2,500 |
| Maltese | Under 7 lb / 3.2 kg | 15–25 | $400–$700 | 12–15 years | $1,500–$4,000 |
| Brussels Griffon | 8–10 lb / 3.6–4.5 kg | 20–30 | $0–$300 | 12–15 years | $1,800–$3,500 |
| Chinese Crested | 8–12 lb / 3.6–5.4 kg | 25–35 | $200–$500 | 13–18 years | $1,000–$2,500 |
| Italian Greyhound | 7–14 lb / 3.2–6.4 kg | 30–60 | $0–$150 | 14–15 years | $1,500–$3,000 |
| Russian Toy | Up to 6.5 lb / 3 kg | 20–30 | $0–$200 | 12–14 years | $2,000–$4,000+ |
| Affenpinscher | 7–10 lb / 3.2–4.5 kg | 20–30 | $200–$400 | 12–15 years | $1,500–$3,000 |
| Biewer Terrier | 4–8 lb / 1.8–3.6 kg | 20–30 | $350–$600 | 12–15 years | $2,500–$4,500 |
Decision Framework: Choosing Between the Top 3
If you've narrowed your search to the Chihuahua, Toy Poodle, and Papillon — the three most versatile breeds on this list — here's how to pick based on your actual lifestyle, not just photos:
- Do you live in an apartment with thin walls or close neighbors?
→ Choose the Maltese or Toy Poodle. Chihuahuas tend to be vocal alert barkers. If you specifically want a Chihuahua, invest in white-noise machines and commit to desensitization training for doorbell sounds, hallway noises, and window triggers starting in puppyhood. - Do you want a dog that can do actual dog sports (agility, rally, nose work)?
→ Choose the Papillon. They are the most athletic toy breed and genuinely enjoy competition. Chihuahuas can do sports but lack the stamina for full agility courses. Toy Poodles excel at obedience and trick-based events. - Does anyone in your household have dog allergies?
→ Choose the Toy Poodle, Yorkshire Terrier, or Biewer Terrier. Their hair-like coats produce less airborne dander. Chihuahuas have short fur that sheds moderately and produces standard allergen levels. No dog is truly hypoallergenic — spend time with the breed before committing. - Will your dog spend significant time with children under 10?
→ Choose the Papillon or a slightly larger breed like the Biewer Terrier. Chihuahuas under 4 lb are fragile enough that a child picking them up incorrectly can cause serious injury (tracheal damage, bone fractures). No toy breed should be left unsupervised with young children. - Do you work from home or have a flexible schedule?
→ Any breed works, but the Brussels Griffon and Chinese Crested especially need companionship. If you're away 8+ hours daily, consider a more independent breed like the Chihuahua or Italian Greyhound — but invest in a dog walker or daycare for midday breaks. - Is budget a primary concern?
→ The Chihuahua has the lowest entry cost ($500–$2,500) and lowest grooming costs ($0–$300/year for smooth coat). Short-haired Chihuahuas need virtually no professional grooming. Factor in first-year veterinary costs of $800–$1,500 (vaccinations, spay/neuter, microchip, initial wellness exam) for any breed.
Honorable Mentions and Breeds to Avoid for This Criteria
Honorable Mentions (Slightly Over Our 20 lb Limit but Worth Considering)
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (13–18 lb / 5.9–8.2 kg): Exceptionally gentle and one of the best small breeds for families with children. However, mitral valve disease affects an estimated 50% of Cavaliers by age 5 — cardiac screening is non-negotiable. Annual cardiology evaluations cost $200–$400.
- French Bulldog (16–28 lb / 7.3–12.7 kg): Popular but frequently exceeds our weight limit. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) affects a significant portion of the breed — many require surgical correction ($2,000–$5,000). High pet insurance premiums ($80–$150/month) reflect these costs.
- Havanese (7–13 lb / 3.2–5.9 kg): Would have made the main list if not for slightly higher exercise needs. Excellent temperament, sturdy for a toy breed, and good with children.
Breeds to Avoid If You're Looking for a True Toy Companion
- "Teacup" anything: Not a breed — a marketing term for runts bred to runts. These dogs carry extreme health risks including fragile bones, organ failure, and hypoglycemic crises. No reputable breeder uses this term. The AKC explicitly warns against teacup marketing.
- Miniature Pinscher: Despite similar size to a Chihuahua (8–10 lb), Min Pins have intense prey drive, high energy (60+ minutes of exercise daily), and a tendency to escape fenced areas. They are not low-maintenance lap dogs — they are athletic terriers in small bodies.
- Jack Russell Terrier (9–15 lb): Frequently mistaken as a good small companion breed. In reality, JRTs have extreme energy requirements (90+ minutes of vigorous exercise daily) and strong prey drive that makes them incompatible with cats or small pets.
First-Year Cost Breakdown: What to Actually Budget
Beyond the puppy purchase price, here's what your first year with a small breed like a Chihuahua actually costs:
| Expense | Estimated Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Initial veterinary exam + vaccinations | $300–$600 | Includes DHPP series, rabies, bordetella; 3–4 visits over 16 weeks |
| Spay/neuter | $250–$500 | Varies by clinic; low-cost clinics may offer $100–$200 |
| Microchip + registration | $45–$75 | One-time cost; essential for toy breeds that can slip collars |
| Pet insurance (annual) | $360–$720 | $30–$60/month for toy breeds; enroll before 6 months to avoid pre-existing condition exclusions |
| Food (premium small-breed kibble) | $180–$360 | Small breeds eat ¼–½ cup daily; look for AAFCO complete-and-balanced statement |
| Grooming (breed-dependent) | $0–$1,100 | Smooth Chihuahua: $0; Toy Poodle: $600–$1,100/year |
| Supplies (crate, harness, bed, bowls) | $150–$300 | One-time costs; use harness only for leash walks on toy breeds |
| Puppy training classes | $150–$300 | 6–8 week group class; essential for socialization before 16 weeks |
| Dental cleaning (year 1 may not need) | $0–$800 | Toy breeds often need first cleaning by age 2–3; anesthesia required |
Total first-year estimate: $1,435–$4,755 depending on breed, grooming needs, and your region. Urban areas (NYC, San Francisco, Seattle) trend toward the higher end.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is "Chiwawa" a real breed or just a misspelling?
"Chiwawa" is a common phonetic spelling of Chihuahua, particularly among Spanish-speaking communities and first-time dog owners. The correct spelling is Chihuahua, named after the Mexican state where the breed was first documented by Western breeders in the mid-1800s. There is no separate breed called "Chiwawa" — it's the same dog.
Are Chihuahuas good with children?
Chihuahuas can coexist with respectful, supervised children over age 8–10. Their small size (2–6 lb) makes them vulnerable to accidental injury — a child squeezing too hard or dropping a Chihuahua can cause rib fractures, tracheal damage, or internal injuries. For families with younger children, consider sturdier small breeds like the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel or Havanese. Always supervise interactions and teach children to let the dog approach them rather than picking the dog up.
How long do Chihuahuas live compared to other small breeds?
Chihuahuas are among the longest-lived dog breeds, with a typical lifespan of 14–16 years and some individuals reaching 18–20 years. A 2018 study published in Canine Genetics and Epidemiology confirmed that smaller breeds consistently outlive larger breeds, with the Chihuahua ranking near the top for longevity. The Chinese Crested (13–18 years) and Papillon (14–16 years) are comparable.
Do small breeds like Chihuahuas need pet insurance?
Yes — and enrolling early is critical. Small breeds are prone to patellar luxation (kneecap dislocation), dental disease requiring anesthesia, and tracheal collapse, all of which can cost $1,000–$5,000+ to treat. Enroll before your puppy turns 6 months old to ensure no conditions are classified as pre-existing. Companies like Trupanion, Healthy Paws, and Fetch offer plans starting at $30–$60/month for toy breeds. Consult your veterinarian about which conditions to watch for in your specific breed.
Why is the Chihuahua ranked #1 on this list?
The Chihuahua earns the top spot because it meets every criterion on our selection framework while offering the lowest total cost of ownership among all 12 breeds. A smooth-coated Chihuahua requires virtually no professional grooming, eats the least food of any breed on this list (¼ cup daily), needs only 20–30 minutes of exercise, and lives longer than nearly every other option. If you specifically searched for "small dog breed chiwawa," this is likely the breed you were looking for — and it's a genuinely excellent choice for apartment dwellers, seniors, and first-time dog owners who understand the commitment to socialization and positive reinforcement training.
Which small breed is best for someone who works from home?
If you work from home and want a constant companion, the Brussels Griffon, Chinese Crested, or Maltese are ideal — they thrive on proximity to their person and will happily nap at your feet all day. The Chihuahua also works well but may bark at delivery drivers and doorbell sounds during video calls. For any breed, establish a "settle" cue during puppyhood so your dog learns to rest quietly during meetings.
Priya Sutaria
All our authors care for dogs every day — read more of their work on the authors page.
