Shih Tzu & Maltese: Breed Comparison & Complete Care Guide
Compare the Shih Tzu & Maltese breeds side by side. Expert guidance on temperament, health risks, grooming costs, exercise needs, and which toy breed fits your home.
If you've narrowed your search for the perfect lap-sized companion down to two iconic toy breeds, you're not alone. The Shih Tzu and the Maltese consistently rank among the most popular small dogs in the United States, and for good reason — both offer outsized personalities in portable packages. But while they share a size class, their histories, temperaments, grooming demands, and health profiles diverge in ways that matter for your daily life.
This guide breaks down everything you need to know about the Shih Tzu & Maltese as individual breeds and as a comparison pair, so you can make an informed decision backed by veterinary science and real-world ownership data.
Breed Overview: Origins and Purpose
Shih Tzu — The Lion Dog of Chinese Royalty
The Shih Tzu traces its lineage to Tibetan monastery dogs that were gifted to Chinese emperors as early as the 7th century. The breed as we know it was refined during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) in the imperial courts of Beijing, where they served exclusively as companion dogs — never working animals. Their name translates to "lion dog" in Mandarin, referencing their flowing mane-like coat and their association with Buddhist iconography. After the fall of Chinese imperial rule, British and Scandinavian breeders preserved the lineage, and the American Kennel Club recognized the Shih Tzu in 1969.
Maltese — The Ancient Aristocrat of the Mediterranean
The Maltese is one of the oldest documented toy breeds, with references dating to ancient Greek and Roman literature — Aristotle described a small white dog from the island of Malta around 370 BC. Throughout European history, Maltese dogs were status symbols among nobility; they appeared in Renaissance paintings and were favored by Queen Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots. The breed was established in the United States by the late 1800s, and the AKC officially recognized the Maltese in 1888, making it one of the earliest registered toy breeds in America.
| Trait | Shih Tzu | Maltese |
|---|---|---|
| Origin Region | China (via Tibet) | Mediterranean (Malta) |
| Original Purpose | Imperial companion | Noble companion |
| Size Class | Toy | Toy |
| AKC Recognition | 1969 | 1888 |
| Lifespan Range | 10–18 years | 12–15 years |
| AKC Popularity Rank (2025) | #20 | #37 |
Physical Characteristics: Size, Coat, and Build
Both breeds sit squarely in the toy category, but the Shih Tzu carries noticeably more mass. The Shih Tzu is a brachycephalic (short-faced) breed with a sturdy, slightly rectangular build, while the Maltese is mesocephalic (moderate muzzle length) with a lighter, more refined frame.
| Measurement | Shih Tzu | Maltese |
|---|---|---|
| Adult Weight | 9–16 lb (4–7.3 kg) | 4–7 lb (1.8–3.2 kg) |
| Adult Height (at withers) | 9–10.5 in (23–27 cm) | 7–9 in (18–23 cm) |
| Coat Type | Double coat, long, flowing, dense undercoat | Single coat, long, straight, silky, no undercoat |
| Coat Colors | All colors accepted — gold, white, black, liver, brindle, parti | Pure white (slight lemon or tan markings tolerated) |
| Shedding Level | Low (hair-like coat, but undercoat sheds minimally) | Very low (hair, not fur — considered hypoallergenic) |
| Skull Shape | Brachycephalic (flat face) | Mesocephalic (moderate muzzle) |
| Eye Shape | Large, round, wide-set | Dark, round, alert |
| Tail | Heavily plumed, carried over back | Long-haired, arched over back |
Temperament and Personality: What Living With Each Breed Is Really Like
Both breeds are companion dogs at heart, but their social styles differ in ways that affect daily life.
Shih Tzu: The Outgoing Entertainer
- Confidently social: Shih Tzus tend to greet strangers with enthusiasm rather than suspicion. In my experience working with multi-pet households, Shih Tzus are often the dogs that approach visitors first and solicit attention from everyone in the room.
- Playfully stubborn: They have a clownish side — expect your Shih Tzu to "zoom" in short bursts, then collapse on your lap as if the effort was exhausting. They enjoy play but on their own schedule.
- Gentle and non-confrontational: Shih Tzus rarely show aggression. They're more likely to retreat or offer a submissive belly-up than snap when startled.
- Vocal but not yappy: They'll alert you to the doorbell with a few barks, but they aren't prone to sustained barking fits the way some toy breeds are.
- Velcro-adjacent: They follow you room to room but don't typically develop severe separation anxiety if properly conditioned to alone time from puppyhood.
Maltese: The Devoted Shadow
- Intensely bonded: Maltese dogs typically form a primary attachment to one person and follow that person everywhere. They're the breed most likely to sit on your foot while you cook and sleep pressed against your pillow.
- Alert and perceptive: Despite their size, Maltese are keenly aware of their environment. They notice changes in routine and may react to unfamiliar sounds with alert barking.
- Spirited and fearless: Don't mistake their small size for timidity — a Maltese will stand its ground against dogs five times its size, which means you'll need to manage interactions with larger dogs carefully.
- Sensitive to tone: Maltese respond to emotional cues. Raised voices or tension in the household can cause stress behaviors like excessive licking, trembling, or refusal to eat.
- Prone to separation distress: This breed is among the most likely to develop separation anxiety if left alone for extended periods without gradual desensitization training.
Exercise and Activity Needs
Neither breed is a hiking partner, but both need structured daily activity to maintain muscle tone, prevent obesity, and support mental health.
| Activity Type | Shih Tzu | Maltese |
|---|---|---|
| Total Daily Exercise | 30–45 minutes | 25–40 minutes |
| Walk Duration (per outing) | 15–20 minutes, twice daily | 10–15 minutes, twice daily |
| Indoor Play | 10–15 minutes of fetch, tug, or puzzle toys | 10–15 minutes of interactive play |
| Off-Leash Free Time | Recommended in fenced area; recall is unreliable | Recommended in fenced area; may chase small animals |
| Heat Sensitivity | HIGH — brachycephalic airway limits cooling. Avoid walks above 80°F (27°C) | MODERATE — single coat offers less sun protection; use dog-safe sunscreen on ears |
| Cold Sensitivity | MODERATE — double coat provides some insulation | HIGH — no undercoat; requires sweater below 45°F (7°C) |
Common Health Issues and Breed-Specific Risks
Both breeds benefit from their small size in terms of longevity, but each carries specific genetic predispositions. Responsible breeders perform health screening through the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and the Canine Health Information Center (CHIC). Always ask for documentation before purchasing a puppy.
| Condition | Shih Tzu | Maltese | Prevalence / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) | High risk | Not applicable | Affects an estimated 50–60% of brachycephalic breeds to some degree (source: Merck Veterinary Manual). Severity ranges from mild snoring to life-threatening airway collapse. |
| Patellar Luxation (kneecap dislocation) | Moderate risk | Moderate risk | Common in all toy breeds; estimated 5–8% prevalence. Grades I–IV; Grade III–IV typically requires surgical correction ($1,500–$3,500 per knee). |
| Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye) | High risk | Low risk | Shih Tzus have prominent eyes with shallow orbits, making them prone to corneal exposure. Lifelong cyclosporine or tacrolimus drops required; medication costs ~$15–$30/month. |
| White Shaker Syndrome (idiopathic cerebellitis) | Not associated | Moderate risk | Tremors affecting small white breeds, onset typically 1–5 years. Responds well to corticosteroid treatment; prognosis is generally good with veterinary management. |
| Portosystemic Shunt (PSS / liver shunt) | Low risk | Moderate risk | Congenital vascular abnormality; Maltese are among the most commonly affected breeds. Surgical correction costs $3,000–$7,000; success rate ~85% with experienced surgeon. |
| Dental Disease (periodontal) | High risk | High risk | Both breeds have crowded teeth in small jaws. Without daily brushing, 80%+ of toy breeds show significant periodontal disease by age 3. Professional dental cleaning under anesthesia: $400–$900. |
| Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) | Moderate risk | Low risk | Shih Tzus' longer backs relative to leg length increase disc herniation risk. Conservative management: $500–$1,500; surgical decompression: $3,000–$8,000. |
| Hypoglycemia (puppies) | Moderate risk | High risk | Toy breed puppies under 4 months can experience dangerous blood sugar drops. Keep Nutri-Cal or Karo syrup on hand; feed 3–4 small meals daily until 6 months of age. |
Recommended Health Screening
The AKC and breed-specific health organizations recommend the following pre-breeding screenings:
- Shih Tzu: OFA hip evaluation, ophthalmologist evaluation (CERF), cardiac exam, and patella evaluation
- Maltese: OFA patella evaluation, cardiac exam, and bile acids test (for liver shunt screening)
Grooming Requirements: Tools, Frequency, and Costs
Neither breed is a wash-and-wear dog. Both have hair (not fur), which grows continuously and requires regular management. The key difference: the Shih Tzu has a double coat with a dense underlayer that mats aggressively if neglected, while the Maltese has a single-layer silky coat that tangles but mats less severely.
| Task | Shih Tzu | Maltese |
|---|---|---|
| Full Brushing | Daily (15–20 min); slicker brush + metal comb | Every 2–3 days (10–15 min); pin brush + detangling spray |
| Professional Grooming | Every 4–6 weeks ($55–$90 per session) | Every 4–6 weeks ($50–$80 per session) |
| Bathing | Every 2–3 weeks with moisturizing shampoo | Every 1–2 weeks with whitening shampoo |
| Eye Cleaning | Daily — tear staining is significant; use eye wash and stain remover | Every 2–3 days — tear staining moderate |
| Ear Cleaning | Weekly — drop ears trap moisture; use vet-recommended ear cleaner | Every 1–2 weeks — drop ears; check for debris |
| Nail Trimming | Every 2–3 weeks | Every 2–3 weeks |
| Dental Brushing | Daily — critical for both breeds | Daily — critical for both breeds |
| Topknot/Face Management | Daily — hair over eyes must be tied up or trimmed short | Daily — hair around eyes and mouth needs management |
Recommended Grooming Tools
Invest in quality tools — cheap brushes damage hair and irritate skin:
- Slicker brush: Chris Christensen Big G or Les Poochs Pro-Series (medium, ~$35–$55)
- Metal comb: Greyhound Comb or Chris Christensen steel comb with rotating teeth (~$18–$30)
- Detangling spray: Chris Christensen Ice on Ice or BioSilk Silk Therapy (~$15–$25)
- Eye stain remover: Eye Envy or Angels' Eyes solution (~$12–$20)
- Clippers (for puppy cut): Wahl Arco cordless or Andis SlimLine Pro (~$80–$150)
Annual Grooming Cost Estimate
Budget $700–$1,200 per year for professional grooming if you maintain a shorter "puppy cut." A full show-length coat will push this higher due to increased product use and longer grooming sessions. Factor in an additional $150–$250 annually for at-home supplies (shampoos, brushes, eye care products).
Training and Intelligence
Neither the Shih Tzu nor the Maltese ranks among the top breeds in working/obedience intelligence (Stanley Coren's classification places both in the "average" to "below average" working intelligence tier). However, this does not mean they're unintelligent — they're independently motivated. These breeds were selected for companionship, not task compliance, so they respond best when training feels like a game rather than a job.
Trainability Comparison
- Shih Tzu trainability: 5/10 for obedience commands, 7/10 for social skills. They learn quickly but comply selectively. Housebreaking is notoriously challenging — expect 4–8 months of consistent crate training and scheduled potty breaks before reliable indoor habits form.
- Maltese trainability: 6/10 for obedience commands, 8/10 for social skills. Slightly more responsive to handler cues due to their intense bonding, but still prone to "what's in it for me?" decision-making.
Recommended Training Methods
Use exclusively positive reinforcement and force-free methods. Both breeds are sensitive and shut down under aversive techniques. Specific approaches that work:
- High-value food rewards: Small pieces of freeze-dried liver, boiled chicken, or commercial training treats (Zuke's Mini Naturals, ~3 calories each)
- Clicker training: Marker-based training accelerates learning in toy breeds — the precise timing helps them connect behavior to reward
- Short sessions: 5–8 minutes, 2–3 times daily. Both breeds lose focus after about 10 minutes
- Counter-conditioning for barking: Rather than punishing alert barking, teach a "quiet" cue by rewarding silence after the initial bark
- Desensitization for handling: Start paw, ear, and mouth handling in the first week home — this prevents grooming resistance later
Never use shock collars, prong collars, alpha rolls, or physical corrections with either breed. These methods damage the trust-based bond that makes toy breeds cooperative and can trigger fear-based aggression or avoidance behaviors.
Family Suitability: Kids, Pets, and Living Spaces
✓ Shih Tzu Strengths
- Excellent with respectful children ages 6+
- Generally friendly with other dogs and cats
- Adapts well to apartment living
- Low exercise needs suit busy or less mobile owners
- Tolerant of visitors and social settings
✗ Shih Tzu Challenges
- Too fragile for toddlers (risk of injury from drops or rough handling)
- Difficult housebreaking timeline
- High grooming costs and time commitment
- Brachycephalic health risks increase vet bills
- Prone to snoring and noisy breathing
✓ Maltese Strengths
- Deeply devoted to primary owner
- Highly portable — travels well
- Low shedding; good option for mild allergy sufferers
- Alert and responsive to training with positive methods
- Adapts to apartments and small spaces
✗ Maltese Challenges
- High separation anxiety risk — not suited to owners away 8+ hours
- Fragile with young children; risk of tracheal injury from pulling
- Can be snippy with unfamiliar dogs if not well-socialized
- White coat shows every speck of dirt — high visual maintenance
- Prone to tear staining and dental crowding
With Children
Both breeds are best suited to homes with children ages 8 and up who understand how to handle small dogs gently. Neither breed should be left unsupervised with toddlers — a single accidental drop from a child's arms can cause a broken leg in a 5 lb Maltese. Teach children to sit on the floor for play and never carry the dog while standing.
With Other Pets
Shih Tzus generally integrate smoothly into multi-pet homes. Maltese can be more selective — early socialization (exposure to other dogs between 8–16 weeks of age) is critical to prevent dog-directed reactivity. Neither breed has significant prey drive, so cohabitation with cats is typically uneventful.
Apartment Living
Both breeds are excellent apartment dogs. Their low exercise needs, small size, and moderate vocalization make them well-suited to condo and rental living. Check your lease for breed or weight restrictions — though toy breeds rarely trigger breed-specific legislation (BSL), some landlords impose blanket weight limits.
Cost of Ownership: Purchase Price and Annual Expenses
| Expense Category | Shih Tzu | Maltese |
|---|---|---|
| Puppy Purchase (responsible breeder) | $1,200–$3,500 | $1,500–$4,000 |
| Adoption Fee (rescue/shelter) | $200–$600 | $200–$600 |
| Initial Vet Visit + Vaccines (first year) | $400–$800 | $400–$800 |
| Spay/Neuter | $300–$700 | $300–$700 |
| Annual Professional Grooming | $700–$1,200 | $650–$1,100 |
| Food (premium kibble or balanced fresh diet) | $250–$500/year | $200–$400/year |
| Pet Insurance (monthly premium) | $30–$55/month ($360–$660/year) | $28–$50/month ($336–$600/year) |
| Dental Cleaning (annual, under anesthesia) | $400–$900 | $400–$900 |
| Supplies (crate, harness, toys, bed) | $200–$400 (first year) | $200–$400 (first year) |
| Estimated First-Year Total | $3,800–$8,700 | $3,700–$8,500 |
| Estimated Annual Ongoing Cost | $1,800–$3,800 | $1,700–$3,600 |
Important note on purchasing: Always buy from breeders who perform OFA health testing, provide a written health guarantee, and have a take-back clause. Avoid puppy mills and pet store puppies — these sources correlate with higher rates of congenital health issues and behavioral problems. Equally valid: consider breed-specific rescues like the American Shih Tzu Club Rescue or American Maltese Association Rescue, where adult dogs are often available for $200–$600 and come spayed/neutered with veterinary clearance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the Shih Tzu or Maltese better for first-time dog owners?
Both breeds can work for first-time owners, but the Shih Tzu is generally the more forgiving choice. Its outgoing, less anxiety-prone temperament means it tolerates the inevitable mistakes new owners make — inconsistent schedules, missed training sessions, occasional grooming gaps. The Maltese's sensitivity and higher separation anxiety risk demand a more structured, present owner from day one. If you work from home or have a flexible schedule, either breed can thrive.
How much exercise does a Shih Tzu or Maltese need daily?
Plan for 30–45 minutes of total daily activity for a Shih Tzu and 25–40 minutes for a Maltese. This includes two short leash walks (10–20 minutes each) plus indoor play sessions. Neither breed needs running or sustained cardio — in fact, overexertion in hot weather is dangerous for the brachycephalic Shih Tzu. Mental stimulation through puzzle feeders, snuffle mats, and short training sessions counts toward their daily activity needs.
What health problems are Shih Tzus and Maltese most prone to?
The Shih Tzu's primary risks are brachycephalic airway syndrome (BOAS), dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and dental disease. The Maltese is most at risk for patellar luxation, liver shunts (portosystemic shunt), white shaker syndrome, hypoglycemia in puppies, and dental disease. Both breeds require proactive dental care — daily brushing and annual professional cleanings are non-negotiable for long-term health.
How big do Shih Tzus and Maltese get as adults?
Adult Shih Tzus weigh 9–16 lb (4–7.3 kg) and stand 9–10.5 inches (23–27 cm) at the shoulder. Adult Maltese are smaller, weighing 4–7 lb (1.8–3.2 kg) and standing 7–9 inches (18–23 cm). If you want the smallest possible companion, the Maltese has the edge — but keep in mind that smaller dogs are more fragile and more susceptible to hypoglycemia and tracheal collapse.
Are Shih Tzus and Maltese good with children and other pets?
Both breeds do well with respectful children ages 8+ and are generally compatible with other household pets. The Shih Tzu tends to be more easygoing in multi-pet homes, while the Maltese may need more deliberate socialization to feel comfortable around unfamiliar dogs. Neither breed should be in homes with toddlers due to fragility — a fall from even low height can cause serious injury.
How much does it cost to buy and maintain a Shih Tzu or Maltese?
Expect to pay $1,200–$4,000 for a puppy from a responsible breeder, or $200–$600 through breed rescue. Annual ongoing costs range from $1,700–$3,800, with grooming representing the largest recurring expense at $650–$1,200 per year. Pet insurance premiums average $28–$55/month and are strongly recommended given these breeds' predisposition to conditions requiring expensive interventions (dental surgery, airway correction, liver shunt repair).
Which breed sheds less and is better for allergy sufferers?
Both breeds have hair rather than fur and shed minimally, but the Maltese is generally the better choice for mild allergy sufferers because its single coat produces less dander-trapping undercoat material. Neither breed is truly hypoallergenic — allergies are triggered by dander and saliva proteins, not hair itself. Spend time with the breed before committing if allergies are a concern.
Final Thoughts: Choosing Between the Shih Tzu & Maltese
The decision between a Shih Tzu and a Maltese ultimately comes down to your lifestyle and tolerance for specific challenges. If you want a sturdier, more socially confident dog and don't mind the grooming and brachycephalic health considerations, the Shih Tzu is a rewarding companion. If you prefer a lighter, more intensely bonded dog and can provide a consistently present home environment, the Maltese will reward you with unmatched devotion.
Whichever you choose, invest in preventive veterinary care, commit to daily dental hygiene, and use positive reinforcement training from day one. Both breeds have the potential to be extraordinary companions for 12–18 years — the key is matching the breed to your realistic daily routine, not your aspirational one.
Dr. Hannah Wickes
All our authors care for dogs every day — read more of their work on the authors page.
