Maltese and Shih Tzu Mix: The Complete Mal-Shi Breed Guide
Everything about the Maltese and Shih Tzu mix (Mal-Shi): size, coat, temperament, health risks, grooming needs.
What Is a Maltese and Shih Tzu Mix?
The Maltese and Shih Tzu mix — most commonly called the Mal-Shi (also spelled Malshi, Malshih, or Maltese Tzu) — is a designer crossbreed that pairs two ancient toy companion breeds. Both parent dogs were bred exclusively for companionship rather than working roles, which makes the Mal-Shi one of the most purpose-bred lap dogs in the designer-dog world.
This mix first gained traction in the United States during the late 1990s and early 2000s, riding the wave of small designer breeds that followed the Labradoodle's popularity. Unlike many crossbreeds that combine a working breed with a companion breed, the Mal-Shi draws from two dogs with nearly identical job descriptions: sit on laps, look adorable, and bond intensely with their people.
The result is a small, affectionate companion dog — but one with more individual variability than most breeders advertise. Before you commit, here is exactly what you need to know.
| Weight | 5–15 lb (2.3–6.8 kg) |
| Height | 8–12 inches (20–30 cm) at the shoulder |
| Lifespan | 12–16 years |
| Coat | Long, silky to slightly wavy; low-shedding |
| Energy Level | Low to moderate (20–40 min daily activity) |
| Grooming | High — daily brushing, professional grooming every 6–8 weeks |
| Best For | Apartment dwellers, seniors, families with older children, first-time owners |
The Parent Breeds: Maltese vs. Shih Tzu
Understanding the Mal-Shi starts with understanding the two breeds behind it. While both are toy companions, they have surprisingly different histories, builds, and behavioral tendencies.
| Trait | Maltese | Shih Tzu |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Central Mediterranean; documented since ancient Greek and Roman times | Tibet/China; bred in Chinese imperial courts, possibly as early as the 7th century |
| AKC Weight Standard | Under 7 lb (3.2 kg) | 9–16 lb (4.1–7.3 kg) |
| Skull Shape | Mesocephalic (moderate muzzle length) | Brachycephalic (short, pushed-in muzzle) |
| Coat | Single coat, straight, silky, white only | Double coat, slightly wavy, all colors accepted |
| Temperament | Alert, playful, can be vocal; bonds closely but retains independence | Outgoing, friendly, less alert-barking; thrives on constant contact |
| AKC Group | Toy Group | Toy Group |
The Maltese contributes alertness, a lighter build, and a tendency to be a vocal watchdog despite its tiny size. The Shih Tzu adds sturdiness, a broader color palette, and a more easygoing social nature. Which parent a given Mal-Shi takes after more is one of the biggest variables in this cross.
Generations Explained: F1, F1B, F2, and Multigen Mal-Shis
- F1 (First Generation): One purebred Maltese × one purebred Shih Tzu. Maximum genetic diversity from both parent breeds. Traits are the most variable in this generation.
- F1B (First Generation Backcross): An F1 Mal-Shi bred back to either a purebred Maltese or a purebred Shih Tzu. Often done to push coat traits toward one parent (usually the Maltese for a silkier, whiter coat).
- F2 (Second Generation): Two F1 Mal-Shis bred together. Trait predictability does not improve significantly; you may see wider variation in size and coat than in F1 litters.
- Multigen (F3+): Mal-Shis bred to Mal-Shis for three or more generations. Still not a recognized breed — genetic diversity narrows, but traits do not stabilize the way they do in established purebreds with closed stud books.
Most Mal-Shi puppies sold by breeders are F1 crosses. This is generally the healthiest generation because the genetic distance between the two parent breeds is at its widest. Be cautious of breeders marketing multigen Mal-Shis at premium prices — unlike some larger designer breeds (such as Labradoodles or Goldendoodles), there is no established multigen Mal-Shi breeding program with documented trait stability.
When a breeder tells you a puppy is an F1B "backcrossed to the Maltese," expect a smaller dog with a straighter, whiter coat — but also a higher likelihood of inheriting Maltese-specific traits like tear staining and more vocal tendencies.
Size, Build, and Physical Variation
One of the more common questions from prospective owners is: How big will a Maltese and Shih Tzu mix actually get? Because the parent breeds differ noticeably in size — the Maltese tops out at 7 lb while the Shih Tzu can reach 16 lb — the offspring can land anywhere in that spectrum.
| Generation | Typical Weight | Height at Shoulder |
|---|---|---|
| F1 | 7–14 lb (3.2–6.4 kg) | 9–12 in (23–30 cm) |
| F1B (Maltese backcross) | 5–10 lb (2.3–4.5 kg) | 8–10 in (20–25 cm) |
| F1B (Shih Tzu backcross) | 9–15 lb (4.1–6.8 kg) | 9–12 in (23–30 cm) |
Within a single F1 litter, it is entirely possible for one puppy to mature at 7 lb while a littermate reaches 13 lb. This variability is normal for first-generation crosses and is not a sign of poor breeding — it is simply how polygenic inheritance works when two differently sized breeds are combined.
Bone structure also varies. Some Mal-Shis inherit the Maltese's fine-boned, lighter frame, while others get the Shih Tzu's stockier, more substantial build. Neither is "better" — but if you have a preference for a sturdier dog that can tolerate slightly rougher play (from respectful older children, for example), ask the breeder which parent is the Shih Tzu and whether the litter is trending heavier or lighter.
Coat Types, Colors, and the Hypoallergenic Question
Both the Maltese and the Shih Tzu are considered low-shedding breeds, and the Mal-Shi generally inherits this trait. However, "low-shedding" does not mean "hypoallergenic." No dog is truly hypoallergenic. Dog allergies in humans are triggered primarily by proteins in dander, saliva, and urine — not by hair itself. A Mal-Shi will produce fewer airborne allergens than a heavy-shedding breed like a Labrador, but allergic individuals should always spend time with the specific dog before committing.
Here is what you can expect coat-wise:
- Maltese-dominant coat: Straight, silky, single-layered, predominantly white with possible lemon or tan markings. Tends to tangle less than the Shih Tzu coat but shows tear staining more obviously.
- Shih Tzu-dominant coat: Double-coated, slightly wavy or wiry, available in black, white, gold, liver, brindle, or combinations. More prone to matting but hides dirt and tear stains better.
- Blended coat (most common in F1): Medium-length, soft with a slight wave, often in parti-color patterns (white with patches of gold, black, or apricot). Moderate matting risk.
Regardless of coat type, expect to brush a Mal-Shi daily or every other day using a slicker brush and a metal comb. Professional grooming every 6–8 weeks runs approximately $50–$85 per session depending on your region, adding $400–$700 per year to your ownership costs.
Tear staining is a near-guarantee with this mix. Both parent breeds have prominent eyes and shallow eye sockets, leading to excess tearing that oxidizes into reddish-brown stains on the fur. Daily wiping with a damp cloth and products like Eye Envy Tear Stain Remover can help, but some staining is cosmetic and unavoidable.
Temperament: What to Expect (and What Might Surprise You)
Because both parent breeds were selected purely for companionship over hundreds of years, the Mal-Shi is almost universally people-oriented, affectionate, and eager to be near its owners. That said, temperament is where individual variation shows up most — and where unrealistic breeder marketing can set owners up for frustration.
Best-Case Scenario
A well-socialized Mal-Shi is friendly with visitors, playful without being hyperactive, adaptable to apartment living, and deeply bonded to its family. It follows you room to room, curls up on your lap willingly, and greets you enthusiastically without excessive jumping or barking. It gets along with other household pets when introduced properly and tolerates gentle handling from children.
Challenging Scenario
Some Mal-Shis inherit the Maltese's sharper alert-barking instinct and vocalize at every sound, delivery driver, and passing dog. Others develop strong separation anxiety — a trait both parent breeds are prone to — and may bark, whine, or engage in destructive behavior when left alone for extended periods. A Mal-Shi that leans heavily toward the Shih Tzu side may be more stubborn during training, showing the breed's independent streak that some owners mistake for low intelligence.
Socialization is the single biggest factor you control. Between 8 and 16 weeks of age, expose your Mal-Shi puppy to varied people, surfaces, sounds, and environments using positive reinforcement methods. Force-free puppy classes (look for trainers certified through the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers) are an excellent investment. Never use punishment-based methods — these small dogs shut down quickly under aversive pressure, and fear-based training worsens the barking and anxiety you are trying to prevent.
Health Considerations: Inherited Risks From Both Parent Breeds
A common myth about designer dogs is that "hybrid vigor" eliminates health problems. Here is the reality: crossbreeding two purebred dogs does increase genetic diversity at the individual level, which may reduce the risk of recessive inherited disorders that are fixed within a single breed's gene pool. However, hybrid vigor does not protect against conditions that both parent breeds share. And the Maltese and Shih Tzu share several.
Always consult your veterinarian for a personalized health plan. Below are the conditions most relevant to the Mal-Shi:
| Condition | Inherited From | What to Watch For | Prevention/Management |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) | Shih Tzu (brachycephalic) | Snoring, noisy breathing, exercise intolerance, heat sensitivity | Avoid heat exposure, harness only (no collar pressure on trachea), weight management |
| Patellar Luxation | Both breeds | Intermittent "skipping" on hind legs, reluctance to jump | Maintain lean body condition, avoid high-impact jumping; surgical correction in Grade III–IV |
| Dental Disease | Both breeds (toy breeds have crowded teeth) | Bad breath, tartar buildup, loose teeth by age 4–5 | Daily tooth brushing with enzymatic dog toothpaste, annual veterinary dental cleanings ($300–$800) |
| Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye) | Shih Tzu primarily | Thick eye discharge, redness, squinting | Lifelong cyclosporine or tacrolimus eye drops prescribed by your vet |
| White Shaker Syndrome (Idiopathic Cerebellitis) | Maltese primarily | Whole-body tremors, head bobbing, worse with excitement | Corticosteroid treatment; usually resolves but may recur |
Responsible breeders should perform patellar evaluations (OFA or PennHIP), ophthalmologist examinations (CERF/OFA eye clearance), and cardiac evaluations on both parent dogs before breeding. Ask to see documentation — not just verbal assurances. According to the American Kennel Club, these are the recommended health tests for both the Maltese and the Shih Tzu, and ethical crossbreeders should hold themselves to the same standard.
Grooming, Exercise, and Daily Care
Grooming Requirements
Plan for a meaningful grooming commitment. A Mal-Shi's coat — regardless of which parent it favors — requires:
- Daily brushing (5–10 minutes) with a slicker brush to prevent mats, especially behind the ears, under the legs, and around the collar area.
- Professional grooming every 6–8 weeks. Most owners opt for a "puppy cut" or "teddy bear cut" that keeps the coat at 1–2 inches, dramatically reducing matting risk. Expect to pay $50–$85 per session.
- Eye care daily — wipe the eye area with a soft, damp cloth or pre-moistened eye wipe to manage tear staining.
- Ear cleaning weekly — both parent breeds have drop ears that trap moisture, increasing the risk of otitis externa (ear infections).
- Nail trims every 2–3 weeks — small dogs that don't walk on abrasive surfaces outdoors often have nails that grow quickly and curl.
Exercise Needs
The Mal-Shi is not a high-energy dog, but it is also not a dog that thrives with zero activity. Expect to provide:
- Two short walks daily (15–20 minutes each) at a comfortable pace.
- Indoor play sessions — fetch down a hallway, puzzle toys, or gentle tug-of-war satisfy mental stimulation needs.
- Avoid overexertion in heat — any Shih Tzu-influenced brachycephalic traits mean this dog overheats faster than longer-muzzled breeds. Walk during cool morning or evening hours when temperatures exceed 80°F (27°C).
Total daily activity: approximately 20–40 minutes of structured exercise plus free indoor movement. This makes the Mal-Shi well-suited to apartments, condos, and homes without yards.
Feeding
Feed a high-quality, AAFCO-certified small-breed formula. Mal-Shis typically eat ¼ to ½ cup of dry kibble per day, split into two meals. Avoid free-feeding — both parent breeds are prone to obesity, and even a 1–2 lb weight gain on a 10 lb dog represents a 10–20% increase in body mass, which directly stresses already-vulnerable knees (patellar luxation) and airways.
Cost: Purchase Price, Annual Budget, and Where to Find One
Puppy Purchase Price
Mal-Shi puppies from responsible breeders typically cost between $800 and $2,500, with the national average around $1,200–$1,500 as of 2026. Pricing depends on:
- Breeder reputation and health testing practices (health-tested parents command higher prices)
- Geographic location (urban coastal areas tend to be 20–40% more expensive)
- Generation (F1 puppies are standard pricing; F1B or "rare color" puppies are sometimes priced higher, though this is marketing rather than a reflection of quality)
Avoid breeders pricing Mal-Shis above $3,000 — this is a mixed breed, not a rare purebred with a closed gene pool, and prices above this range usually signal either a puppy mill operation rebranded as "boutique" or a breeder capitalizing on hype.
Adoption and Rescue
Mal-Shis and similar small-breed mixes regularly appear in rescue organizations. Check breed-specific rescues such as the American Maltese Association Rescue and American Shih Tzu Club Rescue Network, as well as general platforms like Petfinder. Adoption fees typically range from $200–$500 and usually include spay/neuter, vaccinations, and microchipping.
First-Year Cost Estimate
| Expense Category | Estimated Cost (Low) | Estimated Cost (High) |
|---|---|---|
| Puppy purchase/adoption | $200 | $2,500 |
| Veterinary (initial exams, vaccines, spay/neuter) | $400 | $900 |
| Food (12 months) | $200 | $400 |
| Grooming (6–8 sessions) | $300 | $680 |
| Supplies (crate, harness, bed, toys, bowls) | $150 | $350 |
| Pet insurance (annual premium) | $300 | $600 |
| Total First Year | $1,550 | $5,430 |
Ongoing annual costs after the first year typically settle to $1,200–$2,200, assuming no major health emergencies. Pet insurance is strongly recommended for this mix given the dental surgery and patellar repair costs that commonly arise in toy breeds.
Who Is the Maltese and Shih Tzu Mix Best Suited For?
After working with dozens of small-breed owners over the years, I have noticed that the Mal-Shi fits certain lifestyles exceptionally well — and is a poor match for others. Here is a practical framework:
- Apartment or condo dwellers (quiet enough for shared walls, low exercise needs)
- Seniors or retirees seeking a companion dog without demanding physical requirements
- First-time dog owners (forgiving temperament, manageable size)
- Families with children aged 8+ who can be taught gentle handling
- Work-from-home households (this breed struggles with long solo hours)
- Multi-pet homes with other small, calm dogs or cat-friendly dogs
- Families with toddlers (fragile build, risk of accidental injury to the dog)
- Owners who work 10+ hour days away from home (separation anxiety risk)
- People seeking a jogging or hiking companion (build and airway limitations)
- Households unwilling to commit to daily grooming and regular professional grooming
- Those wanting a predictable, guaranteed temperament (inherent crossbreed variability)
- Hot climates without air conditioning (brachycephalic heat risk)
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the Maltese and Shih Tzu mix a recognized breed?
No. The Mal-Shi is not recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), the United Kennel Club (UKC), or the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). It may be registered with designer-breed registries like the American Canine Hybrid Club (ACHC) or the Designer Breed Registry (DBR), but these registrations do not carry the same health-testing or breed-standard requirements as AKC purebred registration.
How long do Maltese and Shih Tzu mixes live?
Most Mal-Shis live 12–16 years, which is consistent with toy-breed longevity. Some individuals reach 17 or 18 years with excellent preventive care — particularly dental care, weight management, and regular veterinary checkups. Small breeds consistently outlive large breeds, and both parent breeds are known for longevity.
Do Mal-Shis bark a lot?
It depends on which parent's temperament dominates. Maltese-leaning individuals tend to be more vocal — alert barking at doorbells, passersby, and unusual sounds is common. Shih Tzu-leaning dogs tend to be quieter. Early training using positive reinforcement (rewarding quiet behavior, redirecting barking) can manage but rarely eliminate barking in a vocal individual.
Are Maltese and Shih Tzu mixes good with cats?
Generally yes, especially when raised together or introduced gradually. Neither parent breed has a strong prey drive, and the Mal-Shi's small size means it is rarely a physical threat to a cat. Supervised introductions and giving the cat vertical escape space are always recommended.
What should I feed a Maltese and Shih Tzu mix puppy?
Choose a small-breed puppy formula that meets AAFCO nutrient profiles for growth. Look for kibble sized for small mouths — brands like Royal Canin Small Puppy, Hill's Science Diet Small Paws Puppy, and Purina Pro Plan Toy Breed Puppy are formulated with appropriate kibble size and calorie density. Transition to an adult small-breed formula around 10–12 months of age.
Can I leave a Mal-Shi home alone during the workday?
Most Mal-Shis tolerate 4–6 hours alone if properly crate trained and exercised beforehand. Beyond 6 hours, separation anxiety behaviors (barking, pacing, destructive chewing, house-soiling) become significantly more likely. If you work full-time outside the home, consider a dog walker midday, doggy daycare one or two days per week, or a companion animal in the household.
Beth Carrasco
All our authors care for dogs every day — read more of their work on the authors page.
